Kalymnos boasts a rich and varied archaeological history, with evidence that suggests settlement began in the Neolithic Era and Early Bronze Age. After joining the Athenian League and then falling to the Persians, Kalymnos was liberated by Alexander the Great.
The island flourished during the Hellenistic age and then went on to embrace early Christianity, with a number of early churches being built in Kalymnos. Part of the Byzantine Empire, it was fortified with the castle in Chora while another castle was built under the Knights of the Order of Saint John.
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