Nature & Flora

The banks and delta of the Acherontas River are a joy to hike through and also constitute an invaluable ecosystem for the species in the area. The thick vegetation that runs along the river includes Oak, Walnut and Laurel trees. There is also an abundance of pine trees, wild roses and a variety of bushes.

Outside the central town of Steni, visitors have the privilege of exploring one of the richest and most scenic forests throughout the country. The area is teeming with rivers and streams thanks to the unusually large number of springs within the area. Its large variety of flowers has made it an invaluable biotope for a great deal of species, which has secured its protection via Presidential decree. Throughout the forest several different types of trees grow, though chestnut, plane and Kefallonian fir are the most common examples. Aside from vegetation, the forest is also known for its geomorphologic features, including rock surfaces dating back to as far as the Jurassic and Triassic periods.

Located just outside the picturesque village of Agios Nikolaos, nature enthusiasts will swoon over the Agia Marina Oak Forest. Hiking trails snake their way through the forest and traditional stone bridges cross the Tiria River, creating a setting out of a Grimm’s fairytale.

Aside from being one of southern Evia’s most beautiful areas, the gorge of Agios Dimitrios is also known for its rich variety of flowers and trees, which grow in abundance thanks to its many springs and streams that flow year-round. Plane and oak trees cover a large portion of the gorge, while the beautiful rare sawfly orchid (Ophrys tenthredinifera) and the common Malcolmia macrocalyx scyria can also be found in bloom throughout the area.

Standing at 1600 meters, Ainos is the tallest mountain in the islands of the Ionian and constitutes the smallest National Forest in Greece. The thick forest of Kefallonian firs is a one-of-a-kind natural phenomenon and supports a vital eco-system. These Kefalonian firs are non-hybridized and can only be found in Kefalonia, while the forest floor supports the fragile growth of Viola Kefallonica, a rare purple flower that’s carefully protected in the forest, so be sure to look out for them as you hike. The fir forest of Ainos Mountain offers the perfect habitat for wild horses, badgers, eagles, rabbits and foxes.

This remarkable 15,000 acre large lagoon is home to numerous species, including the Pink Flamingo and a large population of Mediterranean turtles, chiefly owing to the food it produces for them. Five kilometers east of Kitrous beach there’s a alinas Beach is a salt production facility that produces up to 40,000 tons per year from March to October. In the area near the salt marsh is a wetland of international importance with rare birds. In the lagoon one can find the sea lily plant (Pancratium maritimum), a specially adapted species, and until 1989 the area was the nestng ground of the Mediterranean Gull (Larus melanocephalus), whose numbers have now significantly dropped. Alyki Kitrous is part of the European ecological Natura 2000 network.

Known in English literature and history as the Ambracian Gulf, this 400-square-kilometre body of water represents one of the largest wetlands in the region, and is linked to the Ionian sea by a small opening.

This lake may be artificial but the natural beauty surrounding it cannot be ignored. As the source of the Aoos River and home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, the reservoir is the perfect place for hiking and biking along the trails that encircle the lake.

Making its way through the Aoos Gorge, this river comprises an important natural environment for numerous types of plants and animals. As part of the Vikos Aoos National park, the delicate ecosystem found along its banks is protected from hunters and fishers. It’s also one of the favoured rivers among experienced rafters, offering a difficulty level of five, one of the highest throughout the country.

Flowing down the Eastern section of the region and cutting through the Arachthos Gorge is the River Arachthos, known as the country’s prime rafting destination. If you prefer to enjoy nature on land, the numerous trails around the river and the Arachthos Gorge provide unique opportunities to witness a wide range of flora and fauna.

In the southern region of Corfu you’ll find Arkoudila forest with beautiful cypress trees. It’s an important ecosystem with significant biodiversity. Follow a very modest dirt road to Arkoudila and then hike through and admire the forest all the way to the coast where you’ll be rewarded with stunning views from a sharp cliff.

The Aidonochori area is crossed by a tributary of the Onochonos river which emanates near Angelina. Numerous walnut trees grow in the area, which is full of vegetation and wildlife, particularly next to the river. A forest road will take you to a lovely area called Tsapournia, 7 km from the village. There is a summit there at a height of 1650 meters that affords a view of the entire Thessalian plain. The 4000 acres of forest – mostly fir – harbour hares, bears and wolves.

Ikaria is a mountainous island and the mountain range of Atheras (Pramnos) cuts through a large section of it. With its highest point reaching an altitude of 1,042 m., the frequent occurrence of fog and mist create high levels of humidity during the entire year. A closer look throughout the thickets and protected areas of Ikaria, reveals that the island was once completely covered by forests. Even the mountain range’s limestone cliffs shelter several types of endemic plants. Caves dot its coastal cliffs, and have ben known to be inhabited by the Mediterranean Monk Seal. Overgrazing of goats, arson (with the intent to create more grazing found) and the extension of the island’s road system, all threaten the survival of the region’s ecosystem. As one of the island’s chief protected areas, its thick vegetation is home to several rare plant species as well as a variety of birds, amphibians and reptiles, such as the “Lizard of Ikaria” Lacerta oertzeni certzeni).

Neochori is a village spread on the hill slopes above Lake Plastira. It is 37 kilometres from Karditsa at an altitude of 900-1050 metres. The Botanical Gardens and tree nursery of Neochori are open on a daily basis and unveil ecosystem of the region. Enjoy linden trees, firs, water plants, herbs and ornamental plants.

Situated on almost 20 hectares of land in the village of Fournes (also famous for its stunning orange groves) is this gorgeous park. The park showcases over 150 different varietals of plants, trees and herbs where visitors can spend a couple hours winding their way through the gardens. Lemon, lime, almond, cherry plum, pecan, quince and carob are just some of the species of trees visitors will come into contact with. The lush surroundings and blooming trees make for an unforgettable experience with nature and offer a window into the island’s exceptional biodiversity.

Located in the remote western part of the region, the Bounas Forest is a pristine example of nearly a virtually untouched natural environment. Several different species of oak trees as well as ash, hornbeam, and juniper thrive throughout the forest. The Kouvaras River runs along the eastern edge of the forest and casts a feeling as though one were in a fairytale.

Nestled within a fertile valley and surrounded by the Nemertsika, Tymfi and Grammos mountains lies an environment which has become a miniature Eden for several species of wildlife. Covering over 1500 stremmata, visitors to the park can see several types of deer, mountain goats, wild cats, and wild boars. There are also several types of flora and tree species found within the area, which is kept fertile by the Aoos River. The park is open daily and a wildlife resort and restaurant also operate on the premises.

Nestling a few kilometres to the North West of Ierapetra in South East Crete sits the reservoir of Bramiana, one of Crete’s biggest wetlands. This Europa 2000 Nature Reserve, known primarily for its bird life, is also a botanical wonderland.

This small mountain range lies northeast of Mt. Ochi and borders Evia’s Aegean coast. While it may be smaller than its famous neighbor, the mountains of Cavo d’ Oro are also home to an incredibly valuable range of flora which supports a delicate ecosystem. Markedly more lush than Mt. Ochi, Cavo d’ Oro is full of strawberry trees, oaks and planes. Endemic wildflowers can also be found here such as Inula subfloccosa , Armeria johnsenii and Stachys euboica.

Encompassing the majority of the Zagori region, this Natura 2000 area consists of several forests, mainly composed of Oak trees but also featuring Fir and Pine trees as well. Several hiking trails can be found throughout the area and the Iliohori Waterfall in the north section of the area along with the small Vikaki Gorge to the west are natural highlights not to be missed.

If you’re into studying nature, you’re going to love this gem of a place. The Centre for Research and Protection of Wild Orchids in Northern Pelion was established in 2012 and lies in the old school of the village of Kerasia, not far from Lake Karla.

If you’re into studying nature, you’re going to love this gem of a place. The Centre for Research and Protection of Wild Orchids in Northern Pelion was established in 2012 and lies in the old school of the village of Kerasia, not far from Lake Karla.

It should come as no surprise that southern Evia’s largest gorge is also one of its most important natural environments. Much of this has to do with the fact that the gorge is Ochi’s largest drainage basin, collecting the majority of water that flows down from its peaks. Rare tree varieties such as yew and whitebeam flourish here, alongside holly, oak, chestnut, hornbeam, plane heath, ash and olive trees. Arborea and briar bushes grow throughout Demosaris as well. Evia’s famed mountain tea (Sideritis euboica) grows in abundance here, and beautiful orchids such as dactylorhiza (Dactylorhiza saccifera) paint the gorge with a variety of colours.

The district of Anogeios comprises the northeast corner of Preveza and enjoys a higher altitude than the rest of the region. The cooler climate and presence of mountains in the region has attributed to its unique range of flora.

Another breathtaking area that’s a must-see for nature-lovers is Dimosari Canyon. Gushing waterfalls pool into exotic lagoons shaded by moss-draped oaks. This is a perfect swimming spot if you’re hiking in the summer, although the waterfalls and thick forest keep the temperatures comfortable. Take a break and drink some spring water – the locals swear it’s the best drinking water in the region. Once you’ve relaxed, continue your trek by climbing the stone steps carved into the mountain. Dimosari Canyon is one of Lefkada’s vital ecosystems, and played an important role throughout Antiquity by powering the island’s waterworks by harnessing the surge of riverwater from Mount Vafkeri. If you enjoy caving, there are a few small caves throughout the canyon for you to enjoy.

If Stymphalia doesn’t have much water, Lake Doxa is full of it. That’s because the lake was created artificially by damming the area. Looking quite natural, the lake is surrounded by pine and other forests against a backdrop of the Chelmos mountaintop (or Aroania). Noteworthy are the churches of Agios Fanourious and the monastery of Saint George which was moved to a higher location as the lake was developed in the 1990s. While there aren’t too many modern roads around it, there are plenty of hiking paths.

The Delta of Aliakmonas covers an area of 40,000 stremmata. A great variety of animas live within the dense vegetation surrounding its banks, such as foxes, jackals, badgers, weasels, hares, wild cat and the European ground squirrel.

Enipeas is the Pierian river, whch runs through all of Litochoro. Its gorge has become widely knownand draws tourists from far and wide. Its source is at the Prionia point, at an altitude of 1000m, and the water temperature is just above zero Celcius, which means bathers with heart or other health problems should take care if they consider bathing in the natural pools that have fomed. The riverside path is actually one of the most favoured journeys to take in Olympus. If walking the nine kilometer path, which starts at Mili in Litochoro, it takes around 5-6 hours to reach Prionia. The journey is damp, extremely scenic and atmospheric. Many climbers drive up to the Prionia and climb from there to the high mountain peaks.

The Klisova lagoon is popular with scientists and researchers who want to study the region’s ecosystem. The small environmental station with four beds and simple accommodation needs offers this opportunity to interested parties. The station is operated by a committee connected to the municipality of Mesolongi.

The three estuaries of the Halari, Voutside, and Mirsona rivers are located respectively within the areas of Nas, Kambos, Gialiskari and Armenisti. All four rivers flow year round with brackish water and serve as a natural irrigation system to the small cultivations scattered along the riverbanks. Additionally, these wetlands feature rich biodiversity of both flora and fauna, among them a large number of protected and endemic species. A large variety of trees and bushes can be found here, such as reeds, bushes (oleander and schinous) and trees (alderwood and tamarisk). Several types of birds, amphibians and reptiles also inhabit the estuary. The Halari Gorge is home to several rare and protected species, among which are the Turkish lizard, river otter, a rare type of freshwater crab, and a bottom-dwelling fish of the salaria genus. Most interesting of all is the European eel, a species which migrates from America, crosses the ocean for three years before reaching the rivers of Ikaria. The gorge also provides shelter to dozens of permanent and migratory birds, such as falcons, egrets and bitterns. Overgrazing and extreme draining for agricultural purposes pose the greatest risks to the estuaries’ ecosystem. Recently, increased tourism during the summer months has also had a negative effect, as the estuaries frequently drain into beaches full of tourists.

South of the city of Farsala lies the scenic Farsala Forest, one of Greece’s 19 officially designated aesthetic forests. It occupies the northern slopes of Prophet Elias hill, covering 345 hectares. It mainly consists of pine and cypress trees as well as islets of natural vegetation. It is characterized as a suburban grove and it is an important recreational area for residents.

In the municipality of Tamassi, the village of Ahladia, which means ‘pear trees’, lies 3 km from Leontari. The forests around the village are so dense that it’s difficult to wander through. About 2200 acres of mountain landscape are covered with forest, including the forest of Koumaros, forest of Zervos, and forest of Tourpes near Agios Giorgos. The trees are evergreens, oak and broad-leafed varieties (shrub oak, planes).
Also in Tamassi is the village of Anavra. The highest summit in the village, at 984 meters, is Katachloro and looks out to the dam of Smokovo. There’s also a cave on its southwest side. Katachloro is a wildlife reserve. Oak forests abound in the area of Anavra, including the old forest of Likorema where wolves abound.

In Apidia, within the municipality of Kallifoni, the surrounding environment features forests cedar, oak and fir. The woods are dotted by innumerable springs. The landscape is one of especial beauty. The Kalentzis River, a tributary to the Pineus, has its source within the district. There are mineral springs a short distance upstream of the old bridge of Kanaviotiko at an altitude of 400 metres.

The Fraxos or Fraxou forest lies close to Lesini, covers almost 58 hectares, and has been declared a Monument of Nature. In reality it is all of what remains of the dense riverside forests that used to cover the Aheloos basin. The forest is replete with laurel and silver birch trees, while creeping plants like Rough Bindweed and Black Bryony climb the tree trunks to create a greener, dreamier landscape. So far, logging has not touched this valuable forest, which is home to the otter, as well as several bird species such as magpies, woodpeckers and others.

Notably greener than most of the other gorges throughout Ioannina, the Gormos Gorge lies just west of the fertile Gormos Valley. It’s also much less rocky and steep, making it an excellent place to explore on foot. Additionally, the area is known for its variety of rare flora and springtime offers visitors a remarkable pallet of colours which paint the valley and gorge.

The vast fertile green plains of the Gormos Valley lie in between Mount Kasidiaris to the south, Mt. Koutsokrano to the west, Mt. Nemertsika to the north, and the mighty Mount Dousko to the east. The area has been a welcome haven to shepherds and others involved in agricultural pursuits and is also home to a variety of different flora and grasses not found elsewhere throughout the region. It is protected under the Natura 2000 initiative.

Just west of the village of Greveniti lies the beautiful Beech Forest of Greveniti which eventually opens up at the banks of the Aoos Reservoir. The picturesque Pond of Greveniti is north of the forest and features a beautiful array of flowers and other plants.

The Amvrakikos Gulf is one of the most important wetlands in Greece and one of key significance in Europe. Over 290 species of birds live in the Gulf, some permanently and others as a stop along their migration routes. The birds and marine animals favour the area not only for the physical shelter that the thick reeds and trees provide, but the ample supply of fish, shell fish and amphibians within the water and wetlands of the Gulf. The Gulf is home to one of the largest pods of Bottlenose Dolphins within Greece. Endangered species such as the Monachus monachus or Monk seal along with the Caretta caretta or the Loggerhead Turtle both take shelter within the protected waters of the Gulf. Here they feed on Grey and Red Mullet, mussels, and clams.

One of the most unique features of this beautiful island is the lagoon that’s located literally in the middle of town. Despite the noise from nearby traffic, birds adapted well and have made Gira Lagoon a favorite migratory stop, which makes for interesting birdwatching. You can either cycle along the perimeter of the lagoon or walk as you keep an eye out for pelicans, flamingos and ducks. Visit the windmill that stands nearby.

Hytra Islet – a stunning experience. Hydra islet is an experience that will remain indelible in your heart and mind. Off the coast of Kapsali, this islet offers a tapestry of sempreviva flowers – the island’s mascot.
As you explore this area, the sea-cave in the interior will take your breath away with greens and blues that turn the rock walls into a light show. A little beach will top off your trip with a refreshing swim.

North of Theogefyra stands the enchanting waterfall of the Kalamas River. A hiking trail which begins in the village of Parakalamos takes about an hour and a half to complete and takes walkers along the forested path which runs next to the river and leads to the falls.

Close to Akrata, the forest of Kalamia has some splendid oak trees representing one of the officially protected areas in the country. Fauna and flora abound in this extended green area, making it ideal for nature lovers. Nearby is the village of Mesourgi, which depends on agriculture (vegetables, fruits, olives).

Just because it’s only a tributary of the larger Arachthos River doesn’t mean that this river should go unnoticed. Rafters will delight in its tight turns and white water rapids while hikers will find hiking along its banks and exploring the wider in the shadows of Mt. Tzoumerka.

This incredible marsh lies in the northernmost section of the prefecture and spills into part of neighbouring Ioannina region as well. Despite the fact that it occupies a space between 100 -150 meters (depending on which season it is) the Kalodiki Marsh is an invaluable ecosystem with over 300 types of plants, 120 species of birds, 20 different mammals, 11 reptiles, 5 kinds of amphibians and several fish species. It’s part of the Natura 2000 initiative designed to protect such important ecological environments. Within the marsh, several types of plants can be found including lilies, White Willow Trees, Holm Oaks and White Poplars.

A very unique feature in the Balkans, the plateau of Kapeli features tall oaks among daffodils and ferns. The oak plateau, known also as Ilia’s balcony, also contains chestnut trees, plane trees and different subspecies of oak, Erica, cystisus, walnut trees, and fruit-bearing trees. Sadly, the greater area has undergone significant deforestation. The area is ideal for horseback riding and cycling. It is also an important bird area in Greece, affirming its high environmental characteristics.

Another important spot for birdwatchers and hikers alike is Karavomilou Lake near Sami, where there are many ducks and the edge of the lake gives the illusion of merging with the sea. This lake also boasts another unique feature – sweetwater flows into it and is replenished by underground rivers that begin across the island.

The only surviving ancient chestnut forest throughout all of southern Evia is located within Mt. Ochi’s range just south of its peak of Profitis Ilias. It’s an enchanting place to explore under a canopy of old, twisty branches and a thick blanket of leaves. The forest covers an area of around 60 hectares and is particularly picturesque to traverse through during autumn.

Two opposing mountains, Klokos and Barbas are separated by Selinountas gorge or ravine, and considered a region of European Natural Heritage, as well as part of the Natura 2000 network. Alpine-like meadows dot the mountains at higher elevations above the tree line. Fir tree forests existed in both, though unfortunately the forests of Klokos burnt down. Luckily that of Barbas was untouched by the fire. Oak forests are also present on these two mountains, but systematic lumbering is threatening them. The Selinoudas valley was also home to pine woods which were almost totally burnt by the fires as well. Among the valley’s bushes there are many wild animals that seek shelter. This used to be a valuable shelter for many species including the Golden Eagle and Golden Falcon, as well as mammals like the Bidra civet. The area is considered an ecologically protected one, so care must be taken when visiting.

Located 12 klm. north of Halkida, the Kolovrechtis Wetlands should be famed for the natural utopia it provides to hundreds of different plant and animal species. Unfortunately, over the past few decades, industrial pollution has all but turned this beautiful landscape into a chemical wasteland. Despite the fact that it provides shelter to 49 endangered bird species and numerous other amphibians and unique flora, little has been done to stop the pollution to one of Evia’s most valuable biotopes. Supposedly protected by Presidential Decree, evidence of such is sadly, hard to see.

The Kosinthos river is also part of the Xanthi landscape, with stone bridges and intriguing pathways between villages and forgotten spots. Visit Halil’s watermill – one of the few that still exist today – to travel back through time.

Kotychi–Strofylia lies in Western Peloponnese, shared between the prefectures of Ilia and Achaia. It is a magnificent place for nature, fauna and flaura with many unique characteristics.

Also known as Neofytos, the brackish Kotychi lagoon lies near the cape of Kyllini, covering 800 hectares and now considered the largest lagoon in the Peloponnese. Fed by fresh-water streams, its level fluctuates significantly and is a very important resting point for migrating birds.

The Kouri forest is an important part of Almyros with its huge oak trees. It is a unique European forest in a plain about 1 km northwest of Almyros and 500 meters from Efxinoupoli. The forest is divided into two parts. The first part hosts a Municipal Pavilion, a church, hunter’s kiosk, playground and sport facilities. The second part across 700 square kilometres features a walkable forest, three artificial lakes, a Folklore Museum and wild animals roaming free such as wild sheep, deer, ducks and other birds. In 1993 a train around the lakes was revitalized and covers a distance of 660 meters. The church of Agios Nikolaos from 1902 is another interesting site worth a visit.

Kouri Forest, located around 1000 meters northwest of the town of Almiros in an area around 1150 acres in size (once as large as 20,000 acres). The lowland oak forest has a rare ecosystem by nationwide standards. The forest is covered mainly by fluff oak (Quercus pubescens) that’s around 160 years old, while Quercus ithaburensis var. macrolepis and Quercus pendunculiflora are also found there. Within the forest are two ponds, an outdoor chess board sized at 9 sq.m., a restaurant, cafeteria, and playground.

Another ideal location for walkers, cyclists and joggers who want to combine a sports-high with an eco-activity is Koutavos Lagoon. You’ll fall in love with the eucalyptus forest and brightly colored wildflowers that hug the lagoon itself, while birdwatchers will enjoy watching the ducks, geese, and swans that make the lagoon their home. Koutavos Lagoon also plays an important role in the reproductive and breeding habits of Caretta-Caretta sea turtles, while many rare fish also support this important eco-system.

The Kouvaras Gorge is a great place for nature lovers to explore and enjoy the clear waters of the Kouvaras River as well as the fairytale stone bridges that can be found throughout the area. An easy-going path which begins in the village of Pogoniani cuts through the gorge and passes the river, offering hikers a great snapshot of the region’s beauty.

Beautiful to look at as well as offering spectacular views once one manages to climb it, this 1000m high waterfall is reached along the path to Sarakatsana. During winter the water flows more abundantly and 30 m of it can be seen tumbling down from as far as Ritini.

Krioneri is a village sited on the beautiful plateau of Nevropoli next to Lake Plastira. It lies within the forest and is known for its fertile fields, lush vegetation, and remarkable abundance of water. Krioneri lies at an altitude of 835 metres. The Valtorema and Krioneritiko rivers flow through the village district: the Krioneritiko is five kilometres in length. The natural springs and stone-built fountains of Kria Vrissi, Klouvio Nero, Kerassoula, Itia, Gidomantria, and Kastanoula are accessible by unpaved roads and footpaths. The woods of Krioneri include fir, oak, chestnuts and shrub cedars. The peak of Tsougri at 1,600 metres altitude has a shelter left from the rebels of the Greek Civil War. Other viewpoints in the village district include Alonia, Rahi near Lake Plastira, and Saint Georgios at the location of the Monastery within the woods.

The Ladonas river links Achaia with Arkadia, and is one of the most ancient in the Peloponnese. The river, associated with the dragon, is known for snaking its way along 60 kilometres of greenery and nature, a place where the old gods battled each other.

Also known as the sea lake of Mesolongi, this salty-water lagoon offers amazing scenic views and was formed by the sandy ridge rising from the deposits of the Acheloos and Evinos rivers, along with their deltas. A sand ridge called Louros also likes between the lake and the Gulf of Patras. Fishermen in past decades have built reed houses on stilts around the lagoon, almost looking Asian in their originality. Salt farms abound in the area, so do fish farms for eels and trout. The lake is also ideal for bird watching (see relevant section under Aitoloakarnania).

At the southern edge of central Evia sits Lake Dystos, an invaluable habitat for countless plant and animal species. Though it has dried up several times during its known history, the Lake and surrounding marsh areas have managed to keep afloat during the last few years. Its size is impressive, covering an area of over 7,500 stremmata, though large sections of this are frequently dry. Farming, livestock, hunting and industrial activities have all had negative effects on the lake over the past century. Despite this, the area continues to be a haven to migratory birds during the spring and remains an important biotope for a number of plants and animals, and for this reason it is part of Europe’s Natura 2000 initiative.

Lake Karla, between the prefectures of Larissa and Magnesia, was one of biggest in Greece and the most important in Thessaly, existing since ancient times. The lake supported numerous species of fish and birds and also thousands of inhabitants that lived around it. It was drained in 1962 to make cultivable land, an experiment that didn’t work well for many reasons. A reservoir with brackish water created in 1989 in part of the drained lake. It is used for irrigation, migratory or non-migratory birds wintering here, recreation, educational and scientific aims. As the land turned out not to be as arable as expected, and with the support of EU funding, Lake Karla has been regenerated. The repercussions on the biodiversity of the area are expected to be positive, and you can read more about it here.

Flanked by reeds with water-lilies opening their blooms to the sun, this Natura 2000 artificial lake – which rises or falls by 4.5 meters depending on the season – is a must-see for the thousands of birds that gather and reproduce here (see birdwatching section). Sightseeing boats leave from the ports of Mandraki and Kerkini while numerous other activities are available. Visit the Office for the Promotion of Ecotourism which has been in operation since 2002 in the village of Lithotopos.

This legendary lake dominates the city of Ioannina at just about every angle. It’s been the scene of mass murders, a means of escape and source of income for centuries. Today Ioannina’s Lake Pamvotida still remains a place of importance as the setting for a diverse and unique ecosystem. Numerous types of grasses, reeds and algae provide the food for a variety of species. Of particular importance is the lake’s role as a stopover on several migratory birds’ routes southward. Visitors can enjoy the lake by paddle boat, canoe, kayak or simply indulge in a scenic walk around the lake’s border.

Designated as a protected site for fauna and flora under the EU’s Natura 2000 programme, Lake Stymphalia is more of a wetlands area surrounded by lovely mountains.

Lying between the Panaitoliko and Arakynthos/Zygos mountains, Lake Trichonida (or Trihonida) measures around 97 kilometres square, and a maximum depth of 58 meters in some areas. Melting snow and mountain springs feed the lake through numerous streams, and too much water sometimes teams the lake up with its twin, Lysmahia. Water-loving or hydrophilic trees such as willows and plane trees are abundant around the shore of these lakes, while all sorts of birds and fish coexist harmoniously in the area. The 150 species of fish include whitebait, sand smelt or silversides, including some endemic species, 30 of which are protected by law. Water-loving or hydrophilic trees such as willows and plane trees are abundant around the shore of these lakes, while all sorts of birds and fish coexist harmoniously in the area. The 150 species of fish include whitebait, sand smelt or silversides, including some endemic species, 30 of which are protected by law.

The magnificently bluish-green Tsivlou lake near Akrata lies a good 800 meters above sea level, considered very important for the local ecology and culture. Curiously, the lake was formed in 1913 after landfalls and resulting blockage of the Krathis river.

This lake is the source of the Louros River and a remarkable area of beauty. Thick vegetation and trees surround the lake which is home to a rich variety of flora and fauna. A few kilometres to the south lies the hydroelectric plant, powered by the River Louros and providing energy to the country’s electrical company.

One of the deepest lakes in the country, Lake Zaravina supports a wide range of flora and wildlife. It’s a favoured stop-over for herons, storks and other migratory birds on their way south, as well as having a large variety of fish and amphibians that thrive within the area of the lake. Also, several types of lilies, reeds and other plant species are found here.

This natural lake and surrounding area resembles a Swiss landscape more than that of Greece. It’s a place of undeniable beauty and one enjoyed by hikers, kayakers, canoers, and bird watchers. The abundance of Black Pine and Beech Trees along with a stunning array of wildflowers makes Lake Ziros an unforgettable destination for travellers.

Leontito is a village in the Athamanon Community which is literally surrounded by fir forest and fruit trees at an altitude of 1,000 metres. The Kriorema or Leontitis River flows through from the ranges of Delidimi and into the Acheloos, complete with trout-filled waters. The peak of Delidimi is 2,163 metres in altitude. From the peak of Tsournata, at an altitude of 2,163 metres, a stunning view extends toward Arta. Wildlife in the area includes hares, wild sheep, goats, and deer. Leontito boasts the following forests: Megalakos with firs and soft cedars, Profitis Ilias with firs, cedars and oaks, Agia Triada (Holy Trinity) forest with firs, cedars, shrub oak, and Agios Konstantinos with firs and cedars. There are also two caves in the region.

Sitting on the edge of a deep ravine with a breathtaking view of the surrounding mountains, legend has it that this huge boulder is the spot from which poor heartbroken Katiga is said to have leapt to her death. The path that leads to the rock is one of the most scenic. This more than 30 square kilometres of beech and pine forest is a protected Natura 2000 area. With a climate similar to that of northern Europe, it is a winter wonderland when covered in snow. The spring brings a burst of color with crocuses peeping out under the shade of ageless trees. More than 515 species of flora have been recorded and the region hosts an abundance of wildlife. The Sfagnonas part of the wood is of particular beauty and is protected as a paleobotanical area of great importance to the study of the forest’s history. It has been declared a monument of nature by the Agriculture Ministry.

The Louros River may only flow through the southernmost part of the prefecture, but it is an area of invaluable importance to myriad plant and animal species, as well as providing the power for a hydroelectric plant found along its path. Unfortunately, due to pollution, activities such as rafting and kayaking are forbidden.

The Louros River flows from Mt. Tomaros in the neighbouring region of Ioannina to the North. From there it flows through the eastern section of Preveza region and empties into the Amvrakikos Gulf.

Accessed from the village of Dimitsana, this famous gorge runs along most of the Loussios river and is famous for its beauty. Rare plants and birds found only in the area offer a unique opportunity for hiking, along with stone bridges, old churches and other landmarks. Exit the gorge at the village of Hellenikon.

Hike your way through the lush pine and cypress forests around the Cave of the Apocalypse. It will be a wonderful way of getting a taste of Patmos’ serenity through nature. Don’t forget to explore the nearby Cave for a glimpse of Patmos’ religious history.

Here’s another municipality full of nature treasures. The spa town of Platistomo has natural springs set in lush greenery and plane trees. Makri also has woods of plane trees near the Sperhios River, as well as the only organization for protecting and nursing animals in the whole prefecture.

Marathos village within the Acheloos is at an altitude of 640 metres. The Acheloos River crosses Marathos, while several fresh water springs such as the Birta, Dihali, Tsiongari contribute to the beauty and drinking water of the area. The woods include fir, plane trees, and shrub oak. Caves are found at Kapsali and Marathos. At an altitude of 1,100 metres on Krania Peak, an exceptional view extends towards the Acheloos River and Spilia. On the top of fir-forested Mt. Stithos at an altitude of 1000 metres, there is also an excellent view of the Tsoumberikos Mountains and the Acheloos River. The peak of Mount Dol, at 1400 meters looks towards the Pindos mountain range.

Mavrovouni is located between the plain of Thessaly and the Aegean Sea. Its northern shores are thickly forested while its southwestern slopes are covered in scrub. Two rare species of eagles survive here, the golden eagle and the snake eagle. 364,540 acres of the area are in the care of the Mavrovouni Special Protection Zone.

For more birdwatching, hike through Melissas Gorge near Kavalos village by following the river. Look out for falcons and hawks amongst centuries’ old oaks and wild rosebushes. Combine birdwatching with sightseeing by exploring the watermills that line the river and which were once a vital part of the island’s commercial history.

Messenikolas is a village within the Plastiras municipality, 22 kilometres from Karditsa and only two from Morfovouni. The village lies in a natural amphitheatre at an altitude of 700 metres. The waters of the streams of Gravra and Aposkitis flow through the area, complete with rushing fountains and springs. Of the many peaks surrounding the village, Taxiarchis-Zabataka with an altitude of 1,000 metres is known for its abundant vegetation that includes the rare endemic species Messenicoliana Kentavria.

The municipality of Molos has woods of of great beauty with cedars, oak trees, maritime pine trees, black pine trees and a lovely lake on the Souvala plateau. The area’s ravines are full of different herbs protected by thre trees. Hills and canyons, some inaccessible yet beautiful, dot the landscape.

It’s name comes down to us from pre-Hellenic times, Mount Hymettus or Imittos is only one hour’s walk away from Downtown Athens. In fact, Athenians used to cut its trees for wood up until the 1950s, when the Friends of the Forests organization changed this.

Different elevations offer different natural wonders: serene, bare mountain tops contrast with thick fir forests, cedar woods, oaks and strawberry trees, all mixed with springs, caves, rivers and gorges. There are 570 species of flora, many which are unique to the region or country. Do not pick the flowers as many are endangered!

Mount Mavrovouni lies between Mount Ossa (Kissavos) and Pelion across an area of 390,000 square kilometers. Mount Othrys (1,760 meters) lies in the southwest part of Magnesia separating it from Fthiotida. It is distinguished for its abrupt ravines, and is1,300 meters in height with Gerakovouni (1,726 meters) being the tallest point in all of Magnesia. The gorges, gullies, mineral spring water and caves offer a paradise of discovery and hiking. Mount Goura across 7000 hectares is an area with steep ravines in the western part of Mount Othrys where stock-breeding, pasture lands and open forests abound, but so does hunting.

Mount Mitsikeli creates the southern border of the Zagori region as well as the North Pindos National Park. It is an area of natural beauty featuring a variety of wildlife and large birds of prey. It is part of the Natura 2000 initiative.

Step just outside Athens to discover the rest of the Attica prefecture and you’ll be faced with more nature that you could have imagined. Beckoning Mount Parnitha is only a 30 kilometers from Athens, with fir trees, red deer and the 11th century monastery of Kliston, which makes it almost a thousand years old if you stop to think about it.

Lying between the Aegean Sea and the Pegasitic Gulf, the Pelion mountain range is stunning in its nature and beauty against a backdrop of sea and sand. Its highest peak is Pourianos Stavros at 1624 meters.

Part of both the Mt. Tzoumerka National Park as well as the Natura 2000 programme, this mountain provides a convenient place for people staying in the nearby village of Syrrako to explore. Forests of black pine and fir trees cover some of the mountain, which is also home to several plant species and different types of mushrooms.

Dominating the skyline around the Zagorohoria villages is Mt. Timfi or Papingos as locals refer to it. Nature enthusiasts and conservationists are drawn to the area on account of its immense natural beauty but also due to its unique landscape and rare species.

Kedros – meaning cedar – is a village at an altitude of 567 metres with the peak of Katachloros at 984 metres being a two-hour hike from the village. The area is full of forests with deciduous trees, oaks and cedars. The nearby peak of Kolokria at 635 meters boasts cedars and wild roses, and is just half an hour from the village. The area’s river is full of local types of fish such as Sirtia, Ladouses, Kefalia and Platitses.

Evia’s highest mountain is also one of the island’s most important landscapes. Its highest peak Delphi, reaches a height of 1743 m. and offers climbers and nature lovers views over both the Aegean Sea and the Euboean gulf. Its southern side is covered with the wild mountain tea plants that the famous eponymous tea is made up of. This is also the greenest section of Dirfys, covered in chestnut, plane, oak and fir trees. In contrast, the northern section facing the Aegean is mostly dry and bare, though two rivers, the Metohiou and Stroponon flow through this area year-round. The mountain is also the source of the island’s two largest rivers, the Messapios and Lilas. Due to the wide variety of both plant and animal species that it supports, Mt. Dirfys is included in the Natura 2000 program.

Evia’s highest mountain is also its most biologically diverse.

The National Park of Mt. Tzoumerka is a nature lover’s dream, complete with a wide array of wildlife, forests full of several types of trees such as pine, fir and beech, and several hiking trails of varying difficulty.

The climate and morphology of this area, including soil conditions and abundant water, has given rise to incredible flora. Forests of beech, cedar, chestnut, fir, oak and plane trees dominate these mountains, boasting 190 mushroom species (out of which 70 are edible). Also noteworthy are the beech woods of Mount Saradena, considered the southernmost such forest in Europe. Birds of all kinds are particularly abundant here. As a result, these mountains offer a great opportunity for some serious birdwatching.

marshes, farmland, varied coastline and many little uninhabited islands that are teaming with birdlife, fauna and flora. Officially known as the National Park of Lagoons of Messlonogi-Aitoliko, Kato Rou, the Acheloos and Evinos rivers, and the Echinades Islands, the park falls under the RAMSAR convention and NATURA 2000 network, underlining its role in maintaining European biodiversity. Its notable natural attractions include:

The paths of Livaditis, a lovely mountain village some 50km away from Xanthi, in the western part of the region offers sign-posted hiking paths which are connected to the E6 hiking trail. The area offers climbing, skiing and mountain biking, embedded with nature’s splendour and a spectacular waterfall. The nature continues around the village of Evrimanthos where fauna and flora compete to engulf the senses. Mushrooms are highly prized in this area and there is a large variety to discover. Also visit the Chaintous forest and the area of Arkoudorema (Bear Stream), a true ecological paradise. In June the Sarakatsan festival showcases local customs of these people that form a strong part of the area’s character.

Named after the goddess of water, the Neda river is about 32 kilometres long and boasts marvellous sites and monuments across its course. Caves below the water, ancient ruins, old stone bridges and idyllic waterfalls will meet the hiker and visitors. Take your swimming suit and running shoes with you.

There used to be an environmental wetland at the point of the Papapouli river in Pieria’s Nea Pori called Tethys Park. The wetland was created from the flow of the Papapouli river and the effect of the tides of the sea, forming a network of water pockets in land area, becoming home to numerous species of fish, fauna, birds and reptiles. The ongoing combination of fresh and salt water, together with the region’s environmental conditions, have made the wetland into a food rich ecosystem.

Neohori is a village spread on the hill slopes above Lake Plastira at an altitude of 900-1050 metres. Birds make up a wonderful part of the natural environment and native species include the redneck, wild canary, and the wood thrush. Foxes and wolves are still present in the area. The old village school has been redesigned to serve as the Centre for Environmental Education, Research, and Information and maintains an up-to-date environmental database,while managing natural resources and helping protect the ecosystem of the area.
The Botanical Gardens of Neohori are open daily and welcome visitors to enjoy the brush covered ecosystem of the region, as well as a tree nursery containing linden trees, firs, water plants, herbs and ornamental plants. There is an unexplored cave at Neohori named Drakotripa (Dragon Hole). A wonderful view towards the Plain of Thessaly and region can be enjoyed from the visitor’s hostels of the village.

The Nestos river has attracted eco-visitors for decades, a perfect locale for hiking, horseback riding, birdwatching, mountain climbing, canoeing, cycling, kayaking and rappelling. These activities in the land of Orpheus take place in magical corners of the Xanthi region like Galani, Komnina, Kromniko, Livadero, Stavroupolis, Toxotes and others. The Nestos Delta in Xanthi, where the river meets the sea, is also another enchanting place with dreamy sceneries. Worth nothing too is the area of Abdera which hosts a unique ecosystem of lakes, lagoons and valuable wetlands.

A protected area under an EU directive for conservation, the northern slopes of Mount Parnon are home to black pines, which mingle with other conifers, all growing between 700-1,700 meters. An important biotope that is home to many types of wild fauna and flora.

The North Pindos National Park encompasses a large portion of the Ioannina Region throughout the smaller sub-regions of Zagori, Metsovo and Konitsa. A large number of mountains, rivers, lakes as well as a variety of wildlife and flora are found and protected within the park’s borders. A great place to learn more about the park and the efforts to conserve the unique natural environment is at one of the Northern Pindos National Park information centres. There are centres in the villages of Metsovo, Asprangeli as well as a small kiosk in Milia.

At the foothills of the Akarnanian mountains or Akarnanika between Lake Ozero, the Arheloos River and the sea, the Valonia-oak woodland covers about 6000 hectares. Surrounding the oak area on 10,000 hectares are a mix of trees, with mainly oaks but interspersed with other species.

This is an amazing national park. Climbers can reach it through Loutra Ipatis in the municipality of Ipati or Ypati, or by road from Kastania and Lihno. Visit the mountain lake of Livadates, discover rare herbs and wild flowers, and rejoice in the nature all around you. There are established mountaineering tracks all over the park and a mountain lodge at Trapeza. The park has many peaks above 2000 meters with numerous caves such as Anemotrypa above the village of Ypati. The alpine plateau of Livadies grows interesting herbs and grasslands, and features a pond that floods in summer. Greek fir trees abound in high altitudes, with other kinds of trees at lower regions. The park has been designated as a Special Protection Area for birds, including many endemic invertebrates. Many habitats exist in a small area, but sadly illegal hunting threatens them. Climbers can access the park through Loutra Ipatis in Ypati or from Kastania and Lihno by road.

Since 1938, the 3.933 hectares of northern slopes and high peaks of Mt Olympus were declared as the National Park, with the aim of preserving the natural environment of the zone. The flora and fauna are of exceptional beauty and value, and it’s no surprise that holidaymakers, sports fanatics and even scientists come from across the planet to see and enjoy the area. The European Community has included Olympus in the list of “The Most Important Bird areas of the European Community”, and in 1981, UNESCO declared Olympus a “Biosphere Reserve”.

Located near Dion, this enchanting natural landmark is in the heart of lush greenery and has a small lake beneath it, under the imposing shadow of Mt Olympus. A wonderful place to hike to and relax or camp out at, especially in summer with a swim in the lake’s crystal waters.

Roughly 7 klm. south of Kymi lies the village of Oxylithos, meaning “acidic rock”. This would be an accurate description for the jagged hill which ominously looms over it, since it’s actually a volcano. Fear not, it’s been inactive since ancient times. It’s an interesting area to explore and visitors will also see the picturesque church of Evangelistrias.

Belonging to the Technical University of Crete this park was built to provide a protected habitat where native Cretan flora and fauna could thrive away from any human intervention. Since 1994 the 30 hectares are fully protected and the olive grove is cultivated organically. As a site of environmental tourism, travelers are encouraged to visit the park and learn about Crete’s vast plant and animal life.

Arki Islets are a network of tiny islands that not only boast pristine exotic beaches but also a vital ecosystem. They’re only accessible by boat – which you can find around Patmos’ main harbor – and trekking is the only way of touring these vital islets. Take your camera with you and admire all the wild birds, lizards and flora that create a unique ecosystem and the pristine habitat that offers them shelter. Birdwatchers will enjoy observing hundreds of birds that huddle in craggy rocks and along cliffs. Don’t miss out on the island’s environmental research center on Arki Islet. Then hike along the coast to find secret coves perfect for swimming.

Patmos boasts three mountains that offer nature lovers and ecosports enthusiasts a wonderful way of exploring the island’s natural beauty. Tour Patmos’ three mountains, without any routes to guide you, and you’ll feel like you’re on a true adventure. Genoupas Mountain and Hondro Vouno Mountain offer a number of lush landscapes for nature lovers, including small forests, herbal underbrush and a route through farmland that’s traditionally plowed using oxen. Then go up Profiti Ilias, the island’s highest peak, to admire the stunning view.

Pieria mountain is a spectacular Macedonian mountain covered in rich vegetation that’s worth visiting throughout the year. It has an altitude of 2,195 and is covered by both deciduous (beech, oak, sycamore, chestnut) and coniferous (pines, firs, pines, bushes) trees. Pieria is a chilly mountain, rich in springs, streams and waterfalls. The landscape is swathed in outstanding natural beauty and of great ecological interest, ideal for a long leisurely hike or even more adventurous pursuits. The standard reference points for visitors here are the two mountain shelters there: that of Ano Milia, at an altitude of 1000m, which is run by the Alpine Club of Katerini; the European Mountaineering Path E4 passes from there, crossing the Pieria Mountains and continuing to Mt Olympus. The other is at Sarakatsana, at an altitude of 1680m, and acts as a stopover for courses that start from the Ritini and the Paliopanayia position.

This lush pine forest full of friendly peacocks accustomed to humans is an ideal spot for a walk. It’s a favorite location amongst local photographers as well.

The forest is the area’s most admirable emblem because of its beauty and rich varieties of flora and fauna. It has been promoted to a national forest by the European Union as it is one the best organized forests in the country, offering a broad range of alternative activities such as hiking, rafting and rappel. On the side that’s near the sea, there are thickly forested slopes, gorges and cliffs. Check out our birdwatching section in Lake Karla to learn about all the bird species flourishing here.

Starting from the lush beauty of Mavrovouni, with its picturesque natural lakes and thick vegetation and reaching all the way to the Aegean sea, the area provides wonderful organized opportunities for hiking, mountaineering and climbing. This was also the countryside royal residence, the royal estate of Polydendri.

Polylimnio – which means many lakes – represents about 15 lakes that were relatively recently discovered among lush vegetation, small canyons and picturesque waterfalls. The area lies in the municipality of Voufrada near the village of Charavgi. This is a small paradise that you can hike through, but it is of medium difficulty so don’t pack too many things.

Located just west of the Athera mountain range in the central section of the island, lies the Randi Forest. Estimated to be over 200 years old, it features trees dating back to over 300 years, making it one of the oldest remaining forests throughout the eastern Mediterranean. It’s the home of a rare, protected type of Oak tree (Quercus ilex), which is believed to have evolved around five million years ago. Other species of trees found within the forest include Arbutus and Fyllyrea trees, as well as a variety of bushes, such as yew, heather and cistus. Several animals call the forest home as well, such as the rock badger, marten, (Martes fiona), the hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) and different types of rodents.

Rare species of plants can be found within the gorge of Brontari near Portitsa (Mitropoli region), a 300 metres long canyon two kilometres from the village, accessible by the forest road that goes from Portitsa towards Agios Giorgios. The woods of Kiri spread above the village itself. The view from the limestone peak of Bombirotripa, at an elevation of 762 metres, overlooks the plains of Thessaly and is enchanting. The peak is also the site of well-preserved walls of an ancient acropolis. Another lovely view can be seen from the top of the hill of Profitis Elias. At the area called Alonia, a stone-paved footpath of a kilometre in length leads to the centre of the village.

Another impressive gorge is Ridomo, which is great for hiking and nature walks.

There is a riparian forest where the Ladonas and Alfeios rivers meet, creating small jungle-like areas and a very important ecosystem for fish, birds and amphibians. The best part may be on the road to the village of Krestena, near the dam.

Dafnospilia is a village within the Kallifoni region. It is 17 kilometres from Karditsa at an altitude of 570 metres. The Kalentzis River flows near Dafnospilia. It has a length of 40 kilometres from a source near Apidia and Amarantos and is a tributary of the Pineus. In its waters are fresh water mullet, briana fish and ladouses. Near Dafnospilia there are three springs: the fresh water spring of Mana, the mineral springs of Kaloyianni, and the spring of Vavara. The thickly vegetated peak of Prioni has an elevation of 700 metres and is accessible by car about half the distance to the peak. On the peak of Kazarma there is an observation point at about 600 metres altitude. It is three kilometres west of the village and accessible by a dirt road. The smaller peak of Drakovouni east of the village is also accessible by unpaved road. Among the natural attractions of the village area is a large cave within limestone.

Located up in the river-crossed mountains of Lefkada, this forest is made up of centuries’ old moss-draped trees, along with a very rare type of oak which can only be found in Lefkada and in a handful of other forests in Europe. Skaron Forest is exceptionally beautiful and plays a vital role in the island’s eco-system. This fact was only highlighted during the Venetian and Ottoman occupation, when guards were posted throughout the forest to protect it. There are wild goats roaming the forest, so look out for herds as you explore.

A lovely area filled with water, the Onochonos river rushes from its source in Xerovouni down to the gorge of Loutropigi, then on to Kedros, Sofades and the Pineas. The river contains native fish species called ladouses, as well as freshwater mullet. In the region of Redina where the Onochonos also passes through, there are some 7500 acres of forested land, mostly fir and chestnut forests, with various species of wildlife as well.

In contrast to Athens’ verdant northern suburbs, Sounio or Sounion at the tip of the Attica peninsula, stands seemingly bare with its archaeological ruins, against the backdrop of shimmering sea. But don’t be deceived, there are hundreds of plant species growing here, including some that exclusively grow in the area such as special orchids and two thistle (knapweed) species, in addition to a nearby forest. Land tortoises, wrasse (fish), rare birds of prey, sea birds and migrating songbirds can be spotted. 

Around 55 km southwest of Volos lies Sourpi with 2,200 inhabitants. Its foundation dates back ito 1018 and the Damtsa Byzantine settlement near there, not far from the temple of Aghios Dimitrios.

In the municipality of Sperchiada lies Goulinas at over 1,450 meters, a village hidden inside fir-tree and oak-tree woods. The picturesque valley of the Sperhios river, considered an aquatic habitat, from Kloni and going up towards Kallithea is especially pleasant. There is also the village of Mesopotamia with a lovely forest of plane trees in the area. Also in the same municipality Grammeni Oxia is an area of great nature, considered to have the most southern woods with beech trees in Europe. There is a mountaineering resort there (+30 22310 31644) and the E4 hiking path passes through.

Forming an intricate ecosystem alongside the lagoons and Prokopou lake, the Strofilia Forest at Kalogria on the Gulf of Corinth is one of the largest in the Mediterranean. It spreads over 80 kilometres square or 20,000 acres. Cone, pine, myrtle, oak and other trees make up this forest which goes all the way to the coast. This is where the careta careta turtle lays its eggs, beside a natural fish farm. Numerous animal species roam the forest, which is a Ramsar protected area for birds as well.

A very rare forest of Syrian juniper can be admired around Kynouria. The forest is spread over 74 hectares, and is of a unique botanical and ecological value.

This is the third longest river in Greece, emanating from the Pindos Mountains and running through gorgeous landscape as it reaches Argithea. It also forms the little lake of Stephaniada which took it shape thanks to landslides in the area. The lake is 130 meters deep at certain points.

The cape of Fanari is located in the northeastern edge of Ikaria and features sheer coastal cliffs and beaches. As frequently found throughout the Mediterranean, the area consists of important sea ecosystems found along the coastline and under the water, where sea grass grows in abundance on the seafloor. It’s an important haven for both the Mediterranean Monk seal (Monachus monachus) and the Loggerhead Sea turtle (Caretta caretta).

This gorge offers an excellent representation of local plants and animals, along with amazing waterfalls. It can be accessed through Kato Doliana (Lower Doliana) or from Kastritochoria, i.e. near Kastri.

Nature enthusiasts will be intrigued by the stunning wetlands and unique ecosystem around Grikos and Petra. The lake and wetlands are a protected site where a vibrant ecosystem of wild ducks, swans and heron seek refuge. Take your time and walk or hike through the region. You’ll not only find a variety of birds, but a number of lizards as well. The area is one of Patmos’ most important natural habitats, and the lake and wetlands are an important stop for migratory birds.

If you’re eager to wander through one of only three surviving Arbutus forests in Greece, you must hike your way to Koumaro Forest. It’s located near the stunning Lambi beach, so hike through nature’s masterpiece then take a dip in waters where the seabed looks like a treasure chest studded with gems.

Patmos revolutionized ecotourism by establishing the Paths of Culture, which essentially revived a network of ancient footpaths that guide hikers and walkers around the island’s many cultural and natural sites. If you’re an experienced hiker, follow the route from Skala to Prasovouno to explore a challenging but pristine landscape that leads you through a ravine, stunning cliffs and a lush forest.

Wonderful nature awaits you at the municipality of Timfristos on the mountain side, between 600 and 1,100 meters in altitude. A stunning municipal fir-tree forest that takes up 3,000 acres boasts three streams (Mountzouraki, Hramba and Kati) which pour into the Sperhios river. The area of Rahi Timfristou offers stunning natural beauty, in addition to some spaces dedicated to relaxation and nature such as Anagnostidi Vrisi (where Vrisi means water spring), Kravasi Vrisi, Vrisoula (little spring), Panagia, Damari and Krioneri.

Tithorea in Velitsa has very lush greenery with paths for hiking, and is home to the Kahala Canyon. Larimna (or Larymna) in Opountion also boasts a canyon where the Kiahovrisi springs are located. Lianokladi in Stirfaka municipality has woods with plane trees which are advisable for trekking, while the area of Moshohori or Moschohori has woods with fir trees and oak trees, as well as the Asopos Canyon, all in proximity to the Wildlife sanctuary of Iti. Note that in Moshohori there is a species of fish (Pungitius Hellenicus) which is unique and can’t be found elsewhere on the planet. It thrives in the marshy waters of the Gorgopotamos river. Kato or Lower Tithorea boasts five villages between Mount Parnassos and Mount Kallidromo. Bordering the prefecture of Viotia the village of Agia Paraskevi is one of these, and is set in a stunning natural environment, affording a great view of the landscape and mountains.

The region of Valia Kalda is found in the westernmost part of the Ioannina region and though only a small section of it is located in the perfecture of Ioannina, it is certainly worth exploring. Just west of the central Zagori forests, this mountain range offers hiking trails, mountain refuges and a wide range of fauna and flora.

The man-made lakes of Vathes and Pezi are respectively found in Kastanies and Christos. Both were created by dams on the rivers of Mirsona and Halari, and both wetlands are located within an area designated for the protection of birds. Dense vegetation grows around the lakes’ borders, and most of the greenery is in the form of trees, such as pine, plane and oleander trees, as well as wicker and schinias bushes, and reeds. Not surprisingly, the area is inhabited by a large variety of birds, reptiles and amphibians.

Vatsounia is ten kilometres from the centre of Mouzaki at an altitude of 430 meters. The village has its own special natural beauty and is sparsely populated. The area is thickly forested by chestnut, fir and oak trees. Chemical analyses demonstrate that the fresh waters of Vatsounia are among the purest in Greece. There are three local springs, but only one, the Sklithro Spring, is easily accessible by footpath.

For hundreds of years, the inhabitants of the Zagori region have used the long list of plant species which can only be found in the gorge as medicinal remedies for everything from headaches to infertility.

The virgin forest of Frakto is located on the highest peak of the Rodopi mountains, 1,953 meters high. It is said to be the only virgin forest in Greece and considered one of the most important in Europe due to its large ecological and historical value. It lies a protected area so visitors are kindly asked to respect the forest.

Right in the middle of the Messinian part of Mani, the Viros gorge was considered the ancient thoroughfare leading to Lakonia. From Saint Panteleimonas at 1,400 meters on Mount Taygetos and going through the woods at Vasiliki, the Viros gorge finds its way to the sea surrounded by spectacular nature.

Much smaller in size to the neighbouring Vikos Gorge, the Voidomatis Gorge features the picturesque Voidomatis River as well as some fine traditional stone bridges and quaint villages nearby. It is another area frequented by nature enthusiasts who have the option of enjoying the gorge on foot along the hiking trail, or on the river itself via rafting or kayaking their way through the gorge. Walking the Voidomatis Gorge is a leisurely 2.5 hour hike.

The Vouraika gorge has been carved out by the rushing Vourkaikos river which insolently continues to do so. Watching over this steep gorge are plane trees, pine forests and olive groves as it rises through Zachlorou village to reach 20 kilometres. One good way to discover its beauty is by taking the ultimate picturesque train ride from Kalavrita to Diakopto, on a one-of-a-kind line that’s been in operation since 1896. Hikers will also delight in any trek by the gorge.

Known in English literature as Brauron, this is the ideal place to combine an archaeological visit with a nature-filled one. Thanks to the ancient buildings, Vravrona became a protected one and remains a small specimen of the last untouched Mediterranean landscapes in the region.

Three large wetlands stretch across tens of thousands of Pierian stremmata, all of great ecological significance. Visitors are often delighted by the beautiful landscapes and the dazzling colours that emerge from the amalgamation of rare plants and water.

Loutro is an old village of Menelaides region located twenty kilometres from Karditsa at an altitude of 247 metres. The natural area of the village is lovely. The woods of Agios Giorgos extends over 500 acres with dense oak forests. Foxes, hares and wolves thrive in the woods.

Beside the village of Zarouchla, one of the biggest forests in Achaia is an ecosystem on its own. Rare black pine trees characterize the forest, along with chestnut trees and fir trees. The forest extends from Seliana up to Agia Varvara. Stay at one of Zarouchla’s three guest houses to enjoy this place up close.