The village of Agios Akakios in Ithomi, 10 km from Fanari, lies the cave of Aetofolia (Eagle’s nest). It is 260 metres long and at least 40,000 years old. This great cave is northwest of the village and easily accessible. Its walls have been polished by the flow of water marked by amazing stalactites and stalagmites.
Aghia Photini Cave, can be found 7 KMs south of the village of Avdou, on the mountain of Louloudaki, and at an elevation of 760 metres. It is 44 metres deep, and has paths covering close to 700 metres. It is still used as a church, hence the name of the feminine saint, Photini.
Archaeological and geological studies have been carried out in around 10 caves and rock shelters around Lake Karla, including at the famous Aghios Athanasios cave, which is relatively small but highly impressive because of its beautiful rock formations.
You can explore the cave of Agios Ioannis (or Ai Yannis) with its stalactites, stalagmites and columns near Vourkaria bay to a depth of 120 metres. The cave – in reality two caves opposite each other – also functions as a church. It features spilaiogala (translated as cave milk, which is rare stalagmite material in liquid form). This is one of the largest caves of the Cyclades and certainly one of the most amazing ones. The feast of Saint John takes place here with people coming from surrounding islands as well.
Near the village of Agios Thomas there is a cave with two holes of different diameters. The depth of the cave hasn’t been surveyed so far. You can approach the cave on the way to the church of Profitis Elias. The upper part of the cave, referring to the gaping hole, is referred to as Stefani (wreath) by the locals.
This beautiful cave is made up of a large chamber that’s 100m long and 15-25m wide. Its most stunning feature is a cluster of stalagmites that are either as white as alabaster or dark red. They’re grouped in a way that looks like a mother surrounded by children. This cave is hard to reach and explore, so it’s accessible only to very experienced spelunkers. Ask the locals for more information.
The Albano chasm is interesting for explorers. It is 70 metres deep, located high in the Taygetos Mountains, home to various stalactites and bats. In Lakonia’s Cape Tenaro near Eastern Mani, known by the name of Cape Matapan (‘end of the world’) as well, it is located at the southernmost tip of mainland Greece and Europe. The cave there is said to represent the entrance of Hades, the underworld. It is even mentioned in the Iliad.
Spelunkers will rejoice in the unique labyrinthine chambers of this narrow cave. Archaeological artifacts prove that it was settled as early as the 5thC BC and there were a number of Roman pottery shards uncovered when this cave was explored
This generally inaccessible cave is located at 3.9 km southwest of the town of Farsala in the Alogopati position, on the slopes of Karapla, above the southernmost tip of the Enipea valley. It takes around half an hour of very demanding climbing up a very steep cliff to reach the cave, which is why it is very rarely visited. For some, it’s worth it however as once there, one can see the ancient shrine dedicated to the worship of Pan and the Nymphs.
The most renowned cave in this part of the Aegean is on Antiparos, on a hill that’s 250 meters high in the southern part of the island. Next to the entrance of the cave is the small church of Agios Ioannis. The cave itself contains three large halls and is more than 100 meters deep with huge stalactites and stalagmites, many of which contain ancient inscriptions.
Located south west of the village of the same name, and 400 metres above sea-level, is yet another cave of tremendous archaeological importance (see archaeology).
Approximately a ten minute walk from Gouverneto Monastery in Akrotiri is Arkoudospilios Cave. A footpath through the Avlaki Gorge is easily followed. Once a small temple dedicated to the Goddess Artemis which was used for worship in Antiquity, this cave boast an impressive stalagmite that resembles a crouching bear and of course has an old fable to accompany it.
Translated as Bear Hole, this cave will enthrall all spelunkers. Stalactites adorn the cave’s main chamber which makes it a must-see. Hike to Koziakas Lake nearby.
This small cave boasted Neolithic remains and artifacts.
Stefaniada is a village within the municipality of Athamanon. At Paleokaria there is an unexplored cave.
There’s a cave near Lake Stymphalia full of flowstones and amazing stalactites.
At a distance of five kilometres from Mitropoli are the woods called, Hilia Dendra (a thousand trees), a source of water and shade with tavernas and coffee shops for visitors. Five kilometres east of Mitropoli is a cave with stalagmites and stalactites.
One of the biggest caves in Europe and worth seeing for the variety of its breathtaking formations. Located 50 kilometers south of the city of Serres and 6 kilometers from the town of Alistrati, the Alistrati Cave is one of the region’s major attractions.
According to mythology, the goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite bathed in a sea cave to the left along the coast from Lychnos Beach. It’s only accessible by boat and inquisitive spelunkers can swim inside once they’ve arrived.
Ellinokastro (meaning Hellenic Castle) within the Municipality of Mouzaki at an altitude of 550 meters has a magnificent view looking towards the ridge-crests of the Pindos Range. The cave of the Arapi (meaning Black Man) can be reached part of the distance by dirt road, and the remainder by a rugged mountain path.
Just north of the village of Agios Georgios in the north-eastern section of the prefecture, lays this fascinating cave. Located within the Louros river valley and close to the Palaeolithic site of Kokkinopylos, this cave has shed new light on the pre-historic settlement of the region. Within the cave, researchers discovered a wide range of artefacts, of which their estimations place from 40,000 – 3,000 years BC. The different layers of the cave reveal that it was indeed inhabited over several millennia, starting from the Middle Palaeolithic period, through the New Palaeolithic period, down into the Bronze Age. Stone tools, animal bones and a large rhinoceros tooth were among some of the objects found. Researchers suggest that the cave was used as an outpost from where pre-historic man could hunt large herds of animals that gathered at the Louros River. Evidence of fire has been found along the walls and ceilings of the cave that suggest they stayed in the cave for significant periods of time. The cave lies along the Preveza-Ioannina road and is signposted. Parking is to the left while the cave itself off to the right. Visitors will need to walk about 200 meters along a crude path to reach the cave.
Northeast of Leonidio in a very difficult-to-reach location lies the cave of Dionysos, requiring rope and a descent on an aerial ladder. Inhabited during Neolithic times and later on, the cave is reputed to feature conches and even pieces of figurines in its floor.
The largely unexplored Cave of Gaki contains stalactites and stalagmites. Notable caves in the area are also those of Kaimakia in the canyon of the Karitsiotis River. The nearby peaks of Mourlero at 2032 meters and Karamanolis at 1700 meters offer great views of Plastiras Lake.
The cave of Halaris or Parathiri as it’s also known, can be found near the village of Chrysostomos in the southern part of the island, just a few metres from the riverbed of Halari. The entrance is four metres above ground, and the cave is divided into two parts: the entrance and the main chamber. Getting to the main area involves crawling through the long, narrow entrance. The round open area has a height of 14 metres and is full of multi-coloured stalagmites and stalagtites. Fragments of ancient pottery as well as bones have been found throughout, and the cave is full of archaeological and paleontological interest. According to studies, the bones belonged to large and miniature species of deer, as well as goats and humans, all of which date back to the Neolithic period. Although the cave holds great interest, a special permit must be obtained by anyone wanting to enter it.
Above the popular Eleonas beach and tourists on a mountain lies the cave of Hercules. Greek travel writer Pausanias in Roman times reveals that the cave hid a statue of Hercules, giving the exact directions of how to get there (descend from the ancient city of Vura and head to the coast by the river Vuraikos).
Over the area of Glyka Nera on the airport side of Hymettus, this horizontal cave has revealed archaeological finds and stunning interiors.
Visit the cave of Maniati in Mersini, with it’s black rocks where legend has it that the thief of the church of Panagia Akathi was killed (Panagia or Saint Akathi is the protector saint of the island).
Markos Botsari was the leader of the Souliote uprising throughout Epirus which targeted Turkish armaments in the region.Legend has it that the small cave in the neighbourhood of Pouliana within the village of Gorgomilo was used by Botsari as a base from which he and his men conducted raids.
The cave of Megalakkos lies just outside the village of Kleidi along the banks of the Voidomatis River. Excavations have unearthed human and animal bones dating back as early as 20,000 B.C. The cave is relatively small, with a height not surpassing 2 meters.
This is an important archaeological cave with large carvings by an ancient sculptor who loved there. It was off limits at some point, and is best explored by trained speleologists only.
This cave is located between the village Petroupoli and the area of Arvopeza within the northern section of the island. Like most other caves, this one has been connected with legend for years. Today a handful of stalagmites and other formations are still in good condition. Neither archaeological nor speleological studies have been carried out within the cave and visitors should know that they will visit at their own risk and should take their own equipment with them.
Thousands of visitors visit this cave because of its religious significance, but it’s also a good example of the island’s archaeological past. Dating back to 95 AD, this stunning cave offers history buffs insight into one of the most important religious moments in history and the actual conditions that surrounded the creation of the Book of Revelation.
This cave doubles as a church dedicated to Saint Pandeleimonas, and you’ll be able to admire a 200-year-old icon of the saint. Locals believe the water dripping from the stalactites can be used as holy water as it is blessed by the saint. In the 18thC, a monk called Gerasimos Gerasimou ran a secret school during the Ottoman occupation.
Two local Kalymniotes found a cross in the cave and turned the cave into a place of worship. Their remains are kept there.
One of the most interesting caves in Kalymnos, it is unfortunately dangerous to explore because of landslides that blocked the entrance and interior. Archaeologists found votive offerings to the mythological Seven Virgins in the cave. Legend has it that it got its name when seven young girls hid inside to escape the pirates but never found their way out.
A local shepherd found an icon of the Virgin Mary here, and turned the cave into a church. There’s a festival celebrating the Virgin of Galatiani once a year.
From the Church of Panagia Rodias, follow the path for a few minutes until you reach a fork in the road. Take the route towards the right and you will reach the rocky settlement of Agios Vlassis. From there you will be able to see the entrance to the small cave bearing the same name.
Archaeologists have discovered evidence that the cave, located in the area of Aghios Athanasios, was used during the Mycenaean and Neolithic times. It is considered one of the most historically important caves of Karla and Magnesia in general because of the finds discovered there, and also due to its size.
Leontito is a village in the Athamanon Community surrounded by fir forest and fruit trees. Two caves have been located in the region.
The village district of Petroto (meaning ‘rock strewn’) is 54 from Mouzaki and 12 kilometres from Anthiro and Kali Komi. Its altitude is 650 metres. The caves of Meintani, Haidodi, and Avrisko are found within the Petroto area.
There are a number of small caves scattered around the hiking route in this beautiful canyon. None are documented, so you need to go exploring to find them. Some areas are dangerous, so always ask an experienced spelunker.
Six hundred and twenty geological monuments have been recorded in Magnesia, many of which require further research and protection, including 280 caves in Pelion, Orthi, Mavrovouni, Halkodonio, Hlomo and Tisaio.
In the municipality of Zaraka on the road to Kyparisi and past the ravine of Stavros, the bay of Pyliza with its white pebbles and villages of Vrysi, Paralia and Mitropoli are home to the well-preserved cave of Asclepios. The municipality also boasts the caves of Vris and Kyklopas (Cyclops in Greek) and Babolas.
Anthiro is is 50 kilometres from Mouzaki and 36 kilometres from Pili, Trikala. There are two caves in Anthiro: the Kleftovrissi (Bandit Spring) and the Stavros (The Cross).
The village of Porti, 6 km northwest of Mouzaki has an altitude of 650 metres. Forested areas and Mount Itamos offer great views and nature. There are caves at the locality called Skala.
Arguably one of the largest caves in Greece, Chrysospilia (Golden Cave) remains pretty much unexplored. It lies only 10 meters above the sea on the north-east part of the island, full of stalagmites and stalactites. The cave is also exceptional from an archaeological point of view, as human skeletons from Roman times as well as broken vessels have been found there. Also a number of youth in ancient times engraved their names on the walls and roof, establishing the cave as a probable religious site where ceremonies of manhood took place around the 4th century BC.
The Kyklopas cave is found near Astakos, where supposedly Odysseus blinded the Cyclops who became very angry and threw huge boulders to the sea below on Odysseus’ escaping ship. These boulders can still be seen in the fields below the cave.
Between the Aghios Nikolaos of Flabourio and the sandy coast of Limnionas, at the edge of Veneto-Old Mitzela, small and large caves are found within the coastal rocks.
Some of these, known by the ancient Greeks as ‘Ipnoi’, have stalactites where wild pigeons and seals nestle. This maritime spot was written about by Herodotus, who described the destruction of Xerxes’ largest fleet there in 480 B.C. The Despot’s Cave, named thus because it was regularly visited by Archbishop Dimitriados Grigorios in 1905, is the most well-known amongst them and is large enough for a fishing boat to enter through.
Below the southeast cliffs of Skyros the sea caves form a major attraction for visitors. In the caves the colours in the water are spellbinding, thanks to the special effects of the sun’s rays.
Thrapsimi in Menelaides is 30 km from both Karditsa and Sofades at an altitude of 650 metres. Two caves are found within the limestone ‘Rock’, 1500 metres northwest of the village: these are Arkoudotripa (Bear Hole) and Dimakotripa (Hole of Dimakos) with a depth of about thirty square metres.
Rare stalagmite formation adorn the Dios or Zeus Cave on the south-western slopes of the Za or Zas mountain. The church of Zoodochos Pigi was built in the cave, and many prehistoric objects such as objects made with obsidian were found there.
The caves of Diros are set along a beautiful bay on the south side of Areopoli, down the west side of Mani. Investigated in the 1950s by Ioannis and Ioanna Perochilou, these caves are remarkable both for their natural features and archaeological significance.
A large vertical cave located 2 km. from the village of Kanalia, at an altitude of 440 meters. It has a total depth of around 43 meters and is considered one of the most beautiful vertical caves of Pelion.
This cave can be found within the northeastern side of the island near the village of Perdiki, in the area of Avgolimena, near the banks of a river. It’s location near a ravine and the fact that its covered by thick vegetation, make accessing the cave difficult. It stretches 18 metres long from west to east, and its interior is divided into three sections, featuring vertical walls, horizontal floors and no stalagtites. Archaeological expeditions have found various fragments of pottery and shells within the cave. Visitors wishing to explore its interior will need to have the appropriate equipment as well as a special permit.
Somewhere in the region of Pezoula, Neraida and Neohori, on the hills above Lake Plastira, there are reports of an unexplored cave called Drakotripa (Dragon’s Hole) on the way to the peak of Karamanolis. Ask the locals for more information.
From Melissani Cave, head to Drogarati Cave which is located nearby. This 2,000,000 year old cave boasts stunning floor to ceiling stalactites and stalagmites which grow about one centimeter every hundred years because of the perpetually dripping water. At a constant 18˚C with 90% humidity, the cave is an eco-system of its own as it provides the perfect habitat for moles, bats and a species of tarantula that’s only found in this cave and at a few locations in Crete. Make it a point to ask if there will be a concert or play performed in the cave’s big chamber – Drogarati’s perfect acoustics beg for the use of the biggest chamber for recitals. This, however, is a rare event in order to protect the cave’s structure and eco-system.
Lies a kilometre south of Amnissos. Once again the archaeological importance cannot be overstated, and is mentioned on a Linear B tablet in association with offerings of honey to Eileithyia, at Amnisos.
The Eptastomos cave (meaning seven-mouthed cave) has seven openings where according to recent study is home to the southern-most glacier in Europe, some 70 meters deep!
In Alithini (1 km from Ano Syros) and further north to Plati Vouni (5 km) we find the cave where according to tradition, the philosopher lived on the 6th century B.C.
If you love exploring unique caves, Fousa cave is perfect for you. This 95-meter cave is made of marble and boasts two beautiful chambers. It is important to note that artifacts dating back to the 6thC BC were unearthed here, which proves it played an important role in Ancient Greece.
Close to Gerani beach, this cave’s opening was blocked off for some 5,000 years, before being rediscovered in the 1960’s. All archaeological finds therefore could be dated to the Neolithic and predate the period we know as ‘Minoan’.
Next to the village of Tripti about 10 kilometres from Sparta lies the gorge and cave of Kaiadas, used at some point in the war of independence a couple of hundred years ago, but now gaining significance as a landmark in this area.
The “caves” here are actually quarries, probably channelled by children, given their size, and are inaccessible. They are worth mentioning here, as the openings can still be seen, and for many years, this was thought to be the site of the Labyrinth, now accredited to Knossos.
Some 80 KMs south of Herakleion, in the 3KM long Agiofarago gorge, which is situated close enough to Matala to be easily accessable from there. A small opening leads into a large area beneath ground.
Ellinopirgos is 27 km from Karditsa and lies in municipality of Ithomi. It is a picturesque settlement built in a natural amphitheatre at 640 metres altitude. The village has been designated a site for cultural preservation. Near the watermill, an unexplored cave is found called the Hole of Lolo.
This beautiful mountain village played a pivotal role during the Greek War of Independence in 1821 and during WWII as in each war the resistance movement based its headquarters in Pahtouri. If you’re a history buff, this cave is a must-see as battle stations set up by the resistance fighters to combat the Turks are still visible in the cave.
Once used as a temple to worship the goddess Aphrodite, this underground cave contains a number of archaeological artifacts dating back to 4000 BC. Just follow the steps that are carved into the stone to see this important site. Archaeologists offer guided tours in the summer.
You’ll need to take a boat across to visit this stunning cave. Afternoon is the best time for exploring as the sun shines into the cave at an angle that turns the water incredible shades of aquamarine.
The cave where Zeus was supposedly brought-up lies just above the Nidra plateau. On its eastern flank of Mount Ida, at close to 1500m lies the Nida plateau and just above this, a cave, the ‘Ideon Andron’ (meaning an ‘eating place for men’), where that greatest of all Greek gods Zeus was mythologically reared (he was, according to legend, born on Mt. Dikte in the province of Lasithi). It is worth visiting more for its mythological past than its speleological present.
Once can find the Cave of Iero in the eponymous seaside village in the area of Faros. According to legend, the cave was once a site of worship and offering to the god Dionysus, who was said to have been born on the nearby mountain of Drakanos. The remains of a paved road lead visitors from the village to the cave. The length of the cave is about 17 metres and its roof has collapsed. Fragments of pottery, vessels and coins representing different chronological periods have been found both in and around the cave. The majority of artefacts date back to the Hellenistic period. Access to the cave is only possible with a special permit.
Karvassaras is a village within the municipality of Nevropoli Agrafon with an altitude of 1200 metres. The Cave of Kaimakia is unexplored, located 5 km along the road from Vainia towards Petrilo, 500 metres to the right of the road. A rushing stream flows from the cave and over a small waterfall.
This beautiful cave is inaccessible during the winter months as the ravine within which it remains artfully hidden fills with water. Located at the entrance of the cave is the chapel dedicated to St. Sophia. The oldest archaeological remains of the island were found in this cave and date back to 6000 BC. Make sure you bring a flashlight when exploring and be careful, the ground is very slippery.
Dating back to 1100 BC, it’s riddled with natural and manmade caves, and served as a temple for Aphrodite and then was taken over by monks who lived in tiny caves. Many stone steps carved by monks are still visible, as well as natural reservoirs that collected rainwater and manmade niches for candles and other religious and votive offerings. Look for submerged ruins of a church nearby.
Located near the Minoan site of Tylissos, and in common with many other caves had been used in the past as a place of worship. Large rooms with stalagmites and stalactites, make this a great place to visit for even those with no great interest in speleology.
Kapsia Cave (near the village of Kapsia) may not be open to the public yet, but it is certainly one of the important caves in the country. Clay objects and human bones have been found there attesting to ancient civilizations, while the cave itself is a rainbow of colours from green and blue to yellow and red, full of stalactites and stalagmites.
Situated at the peak of the island’s tallest mountain, this cave isn’t usually found on most tourist maps and as a result is rarely explored. Mycenaean artifacts were unearthed here, and the cave is a favorite shelter for local wildlife.
Within the locality of Feres near Dryopida is a cave called Katafyki, complete with stalagmites and stalactites. The cave was used for religious rituals as locals celebrated the resurrection there.
If you love hiking and spelunking, these twin caves near Messohora Village are perfect for you. Located at an altitude of 800 meters, you’ll enjoy searching for them and then exploring their beautiful chambers.
Experienced spelunkers will find this stunning cave at an altitude of 1340 m along the mountain ridge. It’s unexplored but its beauty is still well-known – ask the locals for tips and advice before venturing in to admire the cave chamber dripping with stalactites and stalagmites.
When you visit this beautiful mountain village, ask the locals for directions to Kokkini Spilia. Translated as Red Cave, Kokkini Spilia’s name is suggestive of the cave chamber’s main feature, which is the beautiful red color of the rock.
When you’re done exploring, stop by the nearby gushing springs of Frahos and Vrisoula at an altitude of 1200 meters and then continue your hike in the area.
Meaning Red Rock in English, Kokkinovrahos on mount Akontio is home to two ‘undiscovered’ caves that are said to be quite impressive.
The cave of Koronia the Nymph lies to the west of Agia Triada. Its chamber is about 8 meters by 10 meters with an opening in the roof. Evidence points to the cave being used as a holy site dedicated to the nymphs, with different sculpted objects, offerings and vessels having been found there.
About 10 kilometres from Arahova, the cave of Korykio Antro is said to be both a natural wonder and an archaeological treasure. In ancient times it was dedicated to the nymphs of Korykio and the god Panas, as well as being considered the passage to Hades.
The cave of Apollo also known as Korikyo Cave in the Parnassos National Park is popular with speleologists. The cave lies on the E4 hiking trails and is about a 4-hour walk from Delphi, best approached from the church of Agia Triada. In 1969, French archaeologists discovered bone flutes, Mycenaean shards, a Neolithic male figurine, bronze and iron rings, miniature bronze statuettes and knucklebones used for foretelling (astragolomancy).
In Domokos, there’s an unexplored cave called Koudounisto Pigadi (meaning ‘ringing well’) that nonetheless is considered an important site to visit in the area.
If you want a taste of winter in the middle of summer, head to Kriakoura cave. Nestled at the top of the mountain, it is so high up you’ll find snow inside all year. Legend says the cave hides the entrance to an underground path that leads all the way to Epirus, thought to have been used during Ottoman rule.
Head to the Kyklopas (Cyclops) Cave near the monastery of Evaggelistria, full of stalagmites and stalactites. Discovered in 1893, the cave boasted a collection of ancient artefacts such as utensils and vessels, suggesting that it was a place of ritual or worship in antiquity. There’s even an altar with evidence of fire and bones, now all covered by material from the stalagmites. The inner chamber features a small lake.
If you love to study geology and how all geological systems inter-relate, this is the cave for you. An underground river surfaces in Lengo Cave, which makes this cave one of the most interesting in the region.
Marathos village is in the municipality of Acheloos, standing at an altitude of 640 metres. The Acheloos River crosses Marathos, combining several fresh water springs such as the Birta with a tap, the Dihali, and the Tsiongari. The woods include fir, plane trees, and shrub oak. There are caves at Kapsali and Marathos.
This cave lies slightly east of the site of Eleutherna, close to the village of Kynigiana, as has a depth of some 150 metres.
The scene for the massacre of some 350 Greek men, women and children by the Turks, in the 1823, who blocked the entrance and lit a fire, suffocating those trapped inside. This is a tremendously moving spot and can be found a couple of kilometres north-west of the village of the same name.
Melissani is a stand-out cave, as it can only be visited by rowboat. The cave domes a beautiful lagoon, and you’ll be able to visit two chambers of the cave by boat. Located close to Sami village, you’ll have to follow a narrow tunnel to get to the cave and then row in. The first chamber is the largest and is an open-air cave as the ceiling caved in over 5000 years ago. This partly-collapsed roof now allows the sun to shine in every day, giving the illusion that diamonds and sparkles rain and float on the surface of the turquoise lagoon. Of interest is the fact that the lagoon water originates across the island from Argostoli’s Katavothres, and is replenished every 14 days. The second chamber is closed and features an islet of archeological importance. This islet, called Islet of Pan, is where the Ancient Greek god was worshipped, and is also where the Statue of Pan and the Nymph Platter were found. In fact, the mythological origins of the cave are equally intriguing. The cave was named after the nymph Melissanthi, who was in love with Pan. He, however, did not return her feelings, and she killed herself in the cave.
It is found some 25 km from Herakleion, not far from the village of Myrtia. Situated by a river, with highly mythological associations, for the ancients, who believed this to be the dwelling place of nymphs and fairies.
WWII buffs will love exploring this cave where Iatridis hid the Papanikoli submarine. This beautiful sea cave is 120m long and 60m wide and is adorned with stunning stalactites. This is one of the largest caves in Greece, one of the most beautiful and can be visited by boat. Take a day trip and explore the rest of this beautifully lush islet as well with many stunning beaches.
Near the monastery by the same name, this pit is around 70 meters deep with some difficult passes.
Located on the hill west of the Evzonas peak, at a depth of 140 meters this pit is considered the deepest in Attica just waiting to be explored.
In Greek mythology, this is the spot where the great god Zeus was supposed to have been born (though some say that the more likely spot is at Petsofas on the east coast).
You’ll think you entered a fairy world when you explore this cave. Stalactites and stalagmites decorate every surface and sculpt the walls in beautiful patterns.
Guided tours of this stunning cave will reveal a beautifully hand-painted 11thC altar (it’s literally on the cave wall) and adjacent chambers that unveil colorful stalactites and stalagmites. Try to spot the Kythironiscus paragiamani, a creature that can only be found in this cave – it’s tiny, blind, and survives on wood and water found in the cave.
Also known as ‘Nychteridospilios’ (The original ‘Bat Cave’?), is an extremely large cave close to the village of the same name, and a height of 276 metres. As with others, it was used as a refuge by the Greeks during the 298 year Ottoman occupation and has a exceptionally complex interior.
If you’re an adventurous spelunker, this cave is perfect for you. It’s unexplored and a bit of a mystery, so as long as you take all possible precautions, it could provide a wonderful opportunity for experienced spelunkers.
In the southeastern section of Ikaria near the village of Katafygi nad just below the Rock of Paroufa, you’ll find the Cave of Semni. This cave runs from northwest to southeast, and is difficult to access due to the dense vegetation surrounding it. It’s a small cave, with a length of only 4.1 metres and a width of 1.5 metre. There are no stalagtites and there has yet to be an archaeological or speleological investigation done at the cave.
This wonderful cave is located beside a quaint mountain village. As you hike through the region, look for the watermill of St. Minas and this beautiful cave.
One of the most intriguing caves throughout Evia is the cave of Skoteini outside of the village of Thourrounia in the middle of central Evia.
Lies at altitude of 225 meters just north of the village of Skoteino near Gouves. Findings here include votive offerings and an inscription dating back to the 4th C BC, but now thought to be fake. There is a Byzantine church close, hence the alternative name of Saint Paraskevi. Skotino means “dark”.
Explore this beautiful cave that sits at 1050 meters, beside the village. It will always feel cool in the cave – in fact, the cave is famous for doubling as a natural refrigerator. Locals used to store ice here in the summer.
This beautiful cave boasts a central chamber that once housed a Prehistoric settlement. Artifacts dating back to this era held critical archaeological significance and put this cave on the map for researchers and amateur archaeologists alike.
Access to these caves is very difficult, so all precautions must be taken. If you do brave the dangers, you’ll be able to explore a cave that bears witness to some of the very first signs of settlement with signs of campfire-smoke on the rock ceiling.
Tafkoura cave is the second deepest in Greece, situated close to the Nida Plateau. It reaches a depth of 860 metres and an overall length of six and a half kilometres.
Legend has it that the cave of Katafygi stretches from its entrance in the area of Xilino near Katafygi, just below the church of Agios Nikolaos, all the way to the village of Faros. According to local tradition, during the years of Turkish rule, a group of Turkish soldiers went to a local church to arrest some residents of the village that were attending services at the time. The priest begged the soldiers to delay the villagers’ arrest until after the ceremony. They agreed, though little did they know that while they were waiting outside, the priest along with those inside, escaped into the cave from an entrance that was under the floor of the church. After enough time had passed, the Turks entered the church, only to find it empty. Though both archaeological and speleological studies have taken place within the cave, those wishing to visit the cave today, must bring their own equipment and obtain a special permit before doing so.
Next to the vestiges of Katholiko monastery is the cave of Saint John the Hermit. On the outside it looks like the entrance of a simple chapel but the cave itself (once the bed of an underground river) is OVER 100 meters long and about 1,500 m2. Visitors can admire the rock where the saint purportedly took his last breath; it is rumoured to have healing effects.
A little beyond the village of Proussos and near the military bridge of Kastania, you will find the gorge of Mavri Spilia. The hiking path begins with a delightful stone fountain that takes to a wooden bridge and a 10-meter-high waterfall that forms a pond. The gorge or ravine offers many areas with cascading water and ponds that are ideal for swimming, if a little on the fresh and crisp side. The fauna and flora of the area, plus a wooden bridge over the river create a fantastic scene out of a fairytale. Rappelling down the waterfalls is possible as there bolts and anchors that have been drilled into the rocks. The route ceases at the large entrance of Mavri Spilia or cave. During Ottoman domination and subsequent conflicts, the locals used to hide in the cave.
Visit this cave not far from Kalambaka to admire footprints made by kids dating from 50000 – 5000 BC. Serving as proof that the area was inhabited from that time, the cave is archaeologically significant. A Paleolithic skeleton was also found here.
Sometimes called Cronos Cave, this cave can be found on the Lasithi plateau, near the village of Tzermiado, at an elevation of 660 metres. Bones found within have been dated back to neolithic times (pre 3,600 BC). An narrow entrance greets the visitor into a chamber, 185 metres long, with rocks of a green hue, once inside. The broken stalagmites and stalactites was caused by human hand.
If you’re an experienced spelunker and you’re feeling adventurous, this is the cave for you. Close to a mountain village, this cave is rarely explored and is undeveloped. Ask the locals for directions and tips, and as always keep safety in mind as unexplored caves can be dangerous.
Within the Agali Gorge outside of the small village of Theologos, the small cave of Voidokleftra consists of two small chambers which are not particularly impressive. However, interest in the cave grew after the discovery of evidence of prehistoric habitation and later shards of pottery dating back to the Classical Era.
Above the popular Eleonas beach and tourists on a mountain lies the cave of Hercules. Greek travel writer Pausanias in Roman times reveals that the cave hid a statue of Hercules, giving the exact directions of how to get there (descend from the ancient city of Vura and head to the coast by the river Vuraikos).
The Kyklopas cave is found near Astakos, where supposedly Odysseus blinded the Cyclops who became very angry and threw huge boulders to the sea below on Odysseus’ escaping ship. These boulders can still be seen in the fields below the cave.
Northeast of Leonidio in a very difficult-to-reach location lies the cave of Dionysos, requiring rope and a descent on an aerial ladder. Inhabited during Neolithic times and later on, the cave is reputed to feature conches and even pieces of figurines in its floor.
Kapsia Cave (near the village of Kapsia) may not be open to the public yet, but it is certainly one of the important caves in the country. Clay objects and human bones have been found there attesting to ancient civilizations, while the cave itself is a rainbow of colours from green and blue to yellow and red, full of stalactites and stalagmites.
Over the area of Glyka Nera on the airport side of Hymettus, this horizontal cave has revealed archaeological finds and stunning interiors.
This is an important archaeological cave with large carvings by an ancient sculptor who loved there. It was off limits at some point, and is best explored by trained speleologists only.
Near the monastery by the same name, this pit is around 70 meters deep with some difficult passes.
Located on the hill west of the Evzonas peak, at a depth of 140 meters this pit is considered the deepest in Attica just waiting to be explored.
One of the most intriguing caves throughout Evia is the cave of Skoteini outside of the village of Thourrounia in the middle of central Evia.
Within the Agali Gorge outside of the small village of Theologos, the small cave of Voidokleftra consists of two small chambers which are not particularly impressive. However, interest in the cave grew after the discovery of evidence of prehistoric habitation and later shards of pottery dating back to the Classical Era.
A little beyond the village of Proussos and near the military bridge of Kastania, you will find the gorge of Mavri Spilia. The hiking path begins with a delightful stone fountain that takes to a wooden bridge and a 10-meter-high waterfall that forms a pond. The gorge or ravine offers many areas with cascading water and ponds that are ideal for swimming, if a little on the fresh and crisp side. The fauna and flora of the area, plus a wooden bridge over the river create a fantastic scene out of a fairytale. Rappelling down the waterfalls is possible as there bolts and anchors that have been drilled into the rocks. The route ceases at the large entrance of Mavri Spilia or cave. During Ottoman domination and subsequent conflicts, the locals used to hide in the cave.
The Eptastomos cave (meaning seven-mouthed cave) has seven openings where according to recent study is home to the southern-most glacier in Europe, some 70 meters deep!
The cave of Apollo also known as Korikyo Cave in the Parnassos National Park is popular with speleologists. The cave lies on the E4 hiking trails and is about a 4-hour walk from Delphi, best approached from the church of Agia Triada. In 1969, French archaeologists discovered bone flutes, Mycenaean shards, a Neolithic male figurine, bronze and iron rings, miniature bronze statuettes and knucklebones used for foretelling (astragolomancy).
Arguably one of the largest caves in Greece, Chrysospilia (Golden Cave) remains pretty much unexplored. It lies only 10 meters above the sea on the north-east part of the island, full of stalagmites and stalactites. The cave is also exceptional from an archaeological point of view, as human skeletons from Roman times as well as broken vessels have been found there. Also a number of youth in ancient times engraved their names on the walls and roof, establishing the cave as a probable religious site where ceremonies of manhood took place around the 4th century BC.
In Domokos, there’s an unexplored cave called Koudounisto Pigadi (meaning ‘ringing well’) that nonetheless is considered an important site to visit in the area.
Approximately a ten minute walk from Gouverneto Monastery in Akrotiri is Arkoudospilios Cave. A footpath through the Avlaki Gorge is easily followed. Once a small temple dedicated to the Goddess Artemis which was used for worship in Antiquity, this cave boast an impressive stalagmite that resembles a crouching bear and of course has an old fable to accompany it.
Next to the vestiges of Katholiko monastery is the cave of Saint John the Hermit. On the outside it looks like the entrance of a simple chapel but the cave itself (once the bed of an underground river) is OVER 100 meters long and about 1,500 m2. Visitors can admire the rock where the saint purportedly took his last breath; it is rumoured to have healing effects.
Aghia Photini Cave, can be found 7 KMs south of the village of Avdou, on the mountain of Louloudaki, and at an elevation of 760 metres. It is 44 metres deep, and has paths covering close to 700 metres. It is still used as a church, hence the name of the feminine saint, Photini.
Located south west of the village of the same name, and 400 metres above sea-level, is yet another cave of tremendous archaeological importance (see archaeology).
Lies a kilometre south of Amnissos. Once again the archaeological importance cannot be overstated, and is mentioned on a Linear B tablet in association with offerings of honey to Eileithyia, at Amnisos.
The “caves” here are actually quarries, probably channelled by children, given their size, and are inaccessible. They are worth mentioning here, as the openings can still be seen, and for many years, this was thought to be the site of the Labyrinth, now accredited to Knossos.
Some 80 KMs south of Herakleion, in the 3KM long Agiofarago gorge, which is situated close enough to Matala to be easily accessable from there. A small opening leads into a large area beneath ground.
Located near the Minoan site of Tylissos, and in common with many other caves had been used in the past as a place of worship. Large rooms with stalagmites and stalactites, make this a great place to visit for even those with no great interest in speleology.
It is found some 25 km from Herakleion, not far from the village of Myrtia. Situated by a river, with highly mythological associations, for the ancients, who believed this to be the dwelling place of nymphs and fairies.
Also known as ‘Nychteridospilios’ (The original ‘Bat Cave’?), is an extremely large cave close to the village of the same name, and a height of 276 metres. As with others, it was used as a refuge by the Greeks during the 298 year Ottoman occupation and has a exceptionally complex interior.
Lies at altitude of 225 meters just north of the village of Skoteino near Gouves. Findings here include votive offerings and an inscription dating back to the 4th C BC, but now thought to be fake. There is a Byzantine church close, hence the alternative name of Saint Paraskevi. Skotino means “dark”.
The cave of Halaris or Parathiri as it’s also known, can be found near the village of Chrysostomos in the southern part of the island, just a few metres from the riverbed of Halari. The entrance is four metres above ground, and the cave is divided into two parts: the entrance and the main chamber. Getting to the main area involves crawling through the long, narrow entrance. The round open area has a height of 14 metres and is full of multi-coloured stalagmites and stalagtites. Fragments of ancient pottery as well as bones have been found throughout, and the cave is full of archaeological and paleontological interest. According to studies, the bones belonged to large and miniature species of deer, as well as goats and humans, all of which date back to the Neolithic period. Although the cave holds great interest, a special permit must be obtained by anyone wanting to enter it.
This cave is located between the village Petroupoli and the area of Arvopeza within the northern section of the island. Like most other caves, this one has been connected with legend for years. Today a handful of stalagmites and other formations are still in good condition. Neither archaeological nor speleological studies have been carried out within the cave and visitors should know that they will visit at their own risk and should take their own equipment with them.
This cave can be found within the northeastern side of the island near the village of Perdiki, in the area of Avgolimena, near the banks of a river. It’s location near a ravine and the fact that its covered by thick vegetation, make accessing the cave difficult. It stretches 18 metres long from west to east, and its interior is divided into three sections, featuring vertical walls, horizontal floors and no stalagtites. Archaeological expeditions have found various fragments of pottery and shells within the cave. Visitors wishing to explore its interior will need to have the appropriate equipment as well as a special permit.
Once can find the Cave of Iero in the eponymous seaside village in the area of Faros. According to legend, the cave was once a site of worship and offering to the god Dionysus, who was said to have been born on the nearby mountain of Drakanos. The remains of a paved road lead visitors from the village to the cave. The length of the cave is about 17 metres and its roof has collapsed. Fragments of pottery, vessels and coins representing different chronological periods have been found both in and around the cave. The majority of artefacts date back to the Hellenistic period. Access to the cave is only possible with a special permit.
In the southeastern section of Ikaria near the village of Katafygi nad just below the Rock of Paroufa, you’ll find the Cave of Semni. This cave runs from northwest to southeast, and is difficult to access due to the dense vegetation surrounding it. It’s a small cave, with a length of only 4.1 metres and a width of 1.5 metre. There are no stalagtites and there has yet to be an archaeological or speleological investigation done at the cave.
Legend has it that the cave of Katafygi stretches from its entrance in the area of Xilino near Katafygi, just below the church of Agios Nikolaos, all the way to the village of Faros. According to local tradition, during the years of Turkish rule, a group of Turkish soldiers went to a local church to arrest some residents of the village that were attending services at the time. The priest begged the soldiers to delay the villagers’ arrest until after the ceremony. They agreed, though little did they know that while they were waiting outside, the priest along with those inside, escaped into the cave from an entrance that was under the floor of the church. After enough time had passed, the Turks entered the church, only to find it empty. Though both archaeological and speleological studies have taken place within the cave, those wishing to visit the cave today, must bring their own equipment and obtain a special permit before doing so.
The cave of Megalakkos lies just outside the village of Kleidi along the banks of the Voidomatis River. Excavations have unearthed human and animal bones dating back as early as 20,000 B.C. The cave is relatively small, with a height not surpassing 2 meters.
You can explore the cave of Agios Ioannis (or Ai Yannis) with its stalactites, stalagmites and columns near Vourkaria bay to a depth of 120 metres. The cave – in reality two caves opposite each other – also functions as a church. It features spilaiogala (translated as cave milk, which is rare stalagmite material in liquid form). This is one of the largest caves of the Cyclades and certainly one of the most amazing ones. The feast of Saint John takes place here with people coming from surrounding islands as well.
This cave doubles as a church dedicated to Saint Pandeleimonas, and you’ll be able to admire a 200-year-old icon of the saint. Locals believe the water dripping from the stalactites can be used as holy water as it is blessed by the saint. In the 18thC, a monk called Gerasimos Gerasimou ran a secret school during the Ottoman occupation.
Two local Kalymniotes found a cross in the cave and turned the cave into a place of worship. Their remains are kept there.
One of the most interesting caves in Kalymnos, it is unfortunately dangerous to explore because of landslides that blocked the entrance and interior. Archaeologists found votive offerings to the mythological Seven Virgins in the cave. Legend has it that it got its name when seven young girls hid inside to escape the pirates but never found their way out.
A local shepherd found an icon of the Virgin Mary here, and turned the cave into a church. There’s a festival celebrating the Virgin of Galatiani once a year.
Access to these caves is very difficult, so all precautions must be taken. If you do brave the dangers, you’ll be able to explore a cave that bears witness to some of the very first signs of settlement with signs of campfire-smoke on the rock ceiling.
The village of Agios Akakios in Ithomi, 10 km from Fanari, lies the cave of Aetofolia (Eagle’s nest). It is 260 metres long and at least 40,000 years old. This great cave is northwest of the village and easily accessible. Its walls have been polished by the flow of water marked by amazing stalactites and stalagmites.
Stefaniada is a village within the municipality of Athamanon. At Paleokaria there is an unexplored cave.
At a distance of five kilometres from Mitropoli are the woods called, Hilia Dendra (a thousand trees), a source of water and shade with tavernas and coffee shops for visitors. Five kilometres east of Mitropoli is a cave with stalagmites and stalactites.
Ellinokastro (meaning Hellenic Castle) within the Municipality of Mouzaki at an altitude of 550 meters has a magnificent view looking towards the ridge-crests of the Pindos Range. The cave of the Arapi (meaning Black Man) can be reached part of the distance by dirt road, and the remainder by a rugged mountain path.
The largely unexplored Cave of Gaki contains stalactites and stalagmites. Notable caves in the area are also those of Kaimakia in the canyon of the Karitsiotis River. The nearby peaks of Mourlero at 2032 meters and Karamanolis at 1700 meters offer great views of Plastiras Lake.
Leontito is a village in the Athamanon Community surrounded by fir forest and fruit trees. Two caves have been located in the region.
The village district of Petroto (meaning ‘rock strewn’) is 54 from Mouzaki and 12 kilometres from Anthiro and Kali Komi. Its altitude is 650 metres. The caves of Meintani, Haidodi, and Avrisko are found within the Petroto area.
Anthiro is is 50 kilometres from Mouzaki and 36 kilometres from Pili, Trikala. There are two caves in Anthiro: the Kleftovrissi (Bandit Spring) and the Stavros (The Cross).
The village of Porti, 6 km northwest of Mouzaki has an altitude of 650 metres. Forested areas and Mount Itamos offer great views and nature. There are caves at the locality called Skala.
Thrapsimi in Menelaides is 30 km from both Karditsa and Sofades at an altitude of 650 metres. Two caves are found within the limestone ‘Rock’, 1500 metres northwest of the village: these are Arkoudotripa (Bear Hole) and Dimakotripa (Hole of Dimakos) with a depth of about thirty square metres.
Somewhere in the region of Pezoula, Neraida and Neohori, on the hills above Lake Plastira, there are reports of an unexplored cave called Drakotripa (Dragon’s Hole) on the way to the peak of Karamanolis. Ask the locals for more information.
Ellinopirgos is 27 km from Karditsa and lies in municipality of Ithomi. It is a picturesque settlement built in a natural amphitheatre at 640 metres altitude. The village has been designated a site for cultural preservation. Near the watermill, an unexplored cave is found called the Hole of Lolo.
Karvassaras is a village within the municipality of Nevropoli Agrafon with an altitude of 1200 metres. The Cave of Kaimakia is unexplored, located 5 km along the road from Vainia towards Petrilo, 500 metres to the right of the road. A rushing stream flows from the cave and over a small waterfall.
Marathos village is in the municipality of Acheloos, standing at an altitude of 640 metres. The Acheloos River crosses Marathos, combining several fresh water springs such as the Birta with a tap, the Dihali, and the Tsiongari. The woods include fir, plane trees, and shrub oak. There are caves at Kapsali and Marathos.
From Melissani Cave, head to Drogarati Cave which is located nearby. This 2,000,000 year old cave boasts stunning floor to ceiling stalactites and stalagmites which grow about one centimeter every hundred years because of the perpetually dripping water. At a constant 18˚C with 90% humidity, the cave is an eco-system of its own as it provides the perfect habitat for moles, bats and a species of tarantula that’s only found in this cave and at a few locations in Crete. Make it a point to ask if there will be a concert or play performed in the cave’s big chamber – Drogarati’s perfect acoustics beg for the use of the biggest chamber for recitals. This, however, is a rare event in order to protect the cave’s structure and eco-system.
Melissani is a stand-out cave, as it can only be visited by rowboat. The cave domes a beautiful lagoon, and you’ll be able to visit two chambers of the cave by boat. Located close to Sami village, you’ll have to follow a narrow tunnel to get to the cave and then row in. The first chamber is the largest and is an open-air cave as the ceiling caved in over 5000 years ago. This partly-collapsed roof now allows the sun to shine in every day, giving the illusion that diamonds and sparkles rain and float on the surface of the turquoise lagoon. Of interest is the fact that the lagoon water originates across the island from Argostoli’s Katavothres, and is replenished every 14 days. The second chamber is closed and features an islet of archeological importance. This islet, called Islet of Pan, is where the Ancient Greek god was worshipped, and is also where the Statue of Pan and the Nymph Platter were found. In fact, the mythological origins of the cave are equally intriguing. The cave was named after the nymph Melissanthi, who was in love with Pan. He, however, did not return her feelings, and she killed herself in the cave.
There’s a cave near Lake Stymphalia full of flowstones and amazing stalactites.
This small cave boasted Neolithic remains and artifacts.
Once used as a temple to worship the goddess Aphrodite, this underground cave contains a number of archaeological artifacts dating back to 4000 BC. Just follow the steps that are carved into the stone to see this important site. Archaeologists offer guided tours in the summer.
You’ll need to take a boat across to visit this stunning cave. Afternoon is the best time for exploring as the sun shines into the cave at an angle that turns the water incredible shades of aquamarine.
This beautiful cave is inaccessible during the winter months as the ravine within which it remains artfully hidden fills with water. Located at the entrance of the cave is the chapel dedicated to St. Sophia. The oldest archaeological remains of the island were found in this cave and date back to 6000 BC. Make sure you bring a flashlight when exploring and be careful, the ground is very slippery.
Situated at the peak of the island’s tallest mountain, this cave isn’t usually found on most tourist maps and as a result is rarely explored. Mycenaean artifacts were unearthed here, and the cave is a favorite shelter for local wildlife.
You’ll think you entered a fairy world when you explore this cave. Stalactites and stalagmites decorate every surface and sculpt the walls in beautiful patterns.
Guided tours of this stunning cave will reveal a beautifully hand-painted 11thC altar (it’s literally on the cave wall) and adjacent chambers that unveil colorful stalactites and stalagmites. Try to spot the Kythironiscus paragiamani, a creature that can only be found in this cave – it’s tiny, blind, and survives on wood and water found in the cave.
Within the locality of Feres near Dryopida is a cave called Katafyki, complete with stalagmites and stalactites. The cave was used for religious rituals as locals celebrated the resurrection there.
The Albano chasm is interesting for explorers. It is 70 metres deep, located high in the Taygetos Mountains, home to various stalactites and bats. In Lakonia’s Cape Tenaro near Eastern Mani, known by the name of Cape Matapan (‘end of the world’) as well, it is located at the southernmost tip of mainland Greece and Europe. The cave there is said to represent the entrance of Hades, the underworld. It is even mentioned in the Iliad.
In the municipality of Zaraka on the road to Kyparisi and past the ravine of Stavros, the bay of Pyliza with its white pebbles and villages of Vrysi, Paralia and Mitropoli are home to the well-preserved cave of Asclepios. The municipality also boasts the caves of Vris and Kyklopas (Cyclops in Greek) and Babolas.
The caves of Diros are set along a beautiful bay on the south side of Areopoli, down the west side of Mani. Investigated in the 1950s by Ioannis and Ioanna Perochilou, these caves are remarkable both for their natural features and archaeological significance.
Next to the village of Tripti about 10 kilometres from Sparta lies the gorge and cave of Kaiadas, used at some point in the war of independence a couple of hundred years ago, but now gaining significance as a landmark in this area.
Archaeological and geological studies have been carried out in around 10 caves and rock shelters around Lake Karla, including at the famous Aghios Athanasios cave, which is relatively small but highly impressive because of its beautiful rock formations.
This generally inaccessible cave is located at 3.9 km southwest of the town of Farsala in the Alogopati position, on the slopes of Karapla, above the southernmost tip of the Enipea valley. It takes around half an hour of very demanding climbing up a very steep cliff to reach the cave, which is why it is very rarely visited. For some, it’s worth it however as once there, one can see the ancient shrine dedicated to the worship of Pan and the Nymphs.
Translated as Bear Hole, this cave will enthrall all spelunkers. Stalactites adorn the cave’s main chamber which makes it a must-see. Hike to Koziakas Lake nearby.
Archaeologists have discovered evidence that the cave, located in the area of Aghios Athanasios, was used during the Mycenaean and Neolithic times. It is considered one of the most historically important caves of Karla and Magnesia in general because of the finds discovered there, and also due to its size.
Six hundred and twenty geological monuments have been recorded in Magnesia, many of which require further research and protection, including 280 caves in Pelion, Orthi, Mavrovouni, Halkodonio, Hlomo and Tisaio.
Between the Aghios Nikolaos of Flabourio and the sandy coast of Limnionas, at the edge of Veneto-Old Mitzela, small and large caves are found within the coastal rocks.
Some of these, known by the ancient Greeks as ‘Ipnoi’, have stalactites where wild pigeons and seals nestle. This maritime spot was written about by Herodotus, who described the destruction of Xerxes’ largest fleet there in 480 B.C. The Despot’s Cave, named thus because it was regularly visited by Archbishop Dimitriados Grigorios in 1905, is the most well-known amongst them and is large enough for a fishing boat to enter through.
In Greek mythology, this is the spot where the great god Zeus was supposed to have been born (though some say that the more likely spot is at Petsofas on the east coast).
Sometimes called Cronos Cave, this cave can be found on the Lasithi plateau, near the village of Tzermiado, at an elevation of 660 metres. Bones found within have been dated back to neolithic times (pre 3,600 BC). An narrow entrance greets the visitor into a chamber, 185 metres long, with rocks of a green hue, once inside. The broken stalagmites and stalactites was caused by human hand.
This beautiful cave is made up of a large chamber that’s 100m long and 15-25m wide. Its most stunning feature is a cluster of stalagmites that are either as white as alabaster or dark red. They’re grouped in a way that looks like a mother surrounded by children. This cave is hard to reach and explore, so it’s accessible only to very experienced spelunkers. Ask the locals for more information.
There are a number of small caves scattered around the hiking route in this beautiful canyon. None are documented, so you need to go exploring to find them. Some areas are dangerous, so always ask an experienced spelunker.
WWII buffs will love exploring this cave where Iatridis hid the Papanikoli submarine. This beautiful sea cave is 120m long and 60m wide and is adorned with stunning stalactites. This is one of the largest caves in Greece, one of the most beautiful and can be visited by boat. Take a day trip and explore the rest of this beautifully lush islet as well with many stunning beaches.
Spelunkers will rejoice in the unique labyrinthine chambers of this narrow cave. Archaeological artifacts prove that it was settled as early as the 5thC BC and there were a number of Roman pottery shards uncovered when this cave was explored
If you love exploring unique caves, Fousa cave is perfect for you. This 95-meter cave is made of marble and boasts two beautiful chambers. It is important to note that artifacts dating back to the 6thC BC were unearthed here, which proves it played an important role in Ancient Greece.
This beautiful cave boasts a central chamber that once housed a Prehistoric settlement. Artifacts dating back to this era held critical archaeological significance and put this cave on the map for researchers and amateur archaeologists alike.
Rare stalagmite formation adorn the Dios or Zeus Cave on the south-western slopes of the Za or Zas mountain. The church of Zoodochos Pigi was built in the cave, and many prehistoric objects such as objects made with obsidian were found there.
The most renowned cave in this part of the Aegean is on Antiparos, on a hill that’s 250 meters high in the southern part of the island. Next to the entrance of the cave is the small church of Agios Ioannis. The cave itself contains three large halls and is more than 100 meters deep with huge stalactites and stalagmites, many of which contain ancient inscriptions.
Thousands of visitors visit this cave because of its religious significance, but it’s also a good example of the island’s archaeological past. Dating back to 95 AD, this stunning cave offers history buffs insight into one of the most important religious moments in history and the actual conditions that surrounded the creation of the Book of Revelation.
Dating back to 1100 BC, it’s riddled with natural and manmade caves, and served as a temple for Aphrodite and then was taken over by monks who lived in tiny caves. Many stone steps carved by monks are still visible, as well as natural reservoirs that collected rainwater and manmade niches for candles and other religious and votive offerings. Look for submerged ruins of a church nearby.
According to mythology, the goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite bathed in a sea cave to the left along the coast from Lychnos Beach. It’s only accessible by boat and inquisitive spelunkers can swim inside once they’ve arrived.
Just north of the village of Agios Georgios in the north-eastern section of the prefecture, lays this fascinating cave. Located within the Louros river valley and close to the Palaeolithic site of Kokkinopylos, this cave has shed new light on the pre-historic settlement of the region. Within the cave, researchers discovered a wide range of artefacts, of which their estimations place from 40,000 – 3,000 years BC. The different layers of the cave reveal that it was indeed inhabited over several millennia, starting from the Middle Palaeolithic period, through the New Palaeolithic period, down into the Bronze Age. Stone tools, animal bones and a large rhinoceros tooth were among some of the objects found. Researchers suggest that the cave was used as an outpost from where pre-historic man could hunt large herds of animals that gathered at the Louros River. Evidence of fire has been found along the walls and ceilings of the cave that suggest they stayed in the cave for significant periods of time. The cave lies along the Preveza-Ioannina road and is signposted. Parking is to the left while the cave itself off to the right. Visitors will need to walk about 200 meters along a crude path to reach the cave.
Markos Botsari was the leader of the Souliote uprising throughout Epirus which targeted Turkish armaments in the region.Legend has it that the small cave in the neighbourhood of Pouliana within the village of Gorgomilo was used by Botsari as a base from which he and his men conducted raids.
From the Church of Panagia Rodias, follow the path for a few minutes until you reach a fork in the road. Take the route towards the right and you will reach the rocky settlement of Agios Vlassis. From there you will be able to see the entrance to the small cave bearing the same name.
Close to Gerani beach, this cave’s opening was blocked off for some 5,000 years, before being rediscovered in the 1960’s. All archaeological finds therefore could be dated to the Neolithic and predate the period we know as ‘Minoan’.
The cave where Zeus was supposedly brought-up lies just above the Nidra plateau. On its eastern flank of Mount Ida, at close to 1500m lies the Nida plateau and just above this, a cave, the ‘Ideon Andron’ (meaning an ‘eating place for men’), where that greatest of all Greek gods Zeus was mythologically reared (he was, according to legend, born on Mt. Dikte in the province of Lasithi). It is worth visiting more for its mythological past than its speleological present.
This cave lies slightly east of the site of Eleutherna, close to the village of Kynigiana, as has a depth of some 150 metres.
The scene for the massacre of some 350 Greek men, women and children by the Turks, in the 1823, who blocked the entrance and lit a fire, suffocating those trapped inside. This is a tremendously moving spot and can be found a couple of kilometres north-west of the village of the same name.
Tafkoura cave is the second deepest in Greece, situated close to the Nida Plateau. It reaches a depth of 860 metres and an overall length of six and a half kilometres.
Visit the cave of Maniati in Mersini, with it’s black rocks where legend has it that the thief of the church of Panagia Akathi was killed (Panagia or Saint Akathi is the protector saint of the island).
Head to the Kyklopas (Cyclops) Cave near the monastery of Evaggelistria, full of stalagmites and stalactites. Discovered in 1893, the cave boasted a collection of ancient artefacts such as utensils and vessels, suggesting that it was a place of ritual or worship in antiquity. There’s even an altar with evidence of fire and bones, now all covered by material from the stalagmites. The inner chamber features a small lake.
One of the biggest caves in Europe and worth seeing for the variety of its breathtaking formations. Located 50 kilometers south of the city of Serres and 6 kilometers from the town of Alistrati, the Alistrati Cave is one of the region’s major attractions.
Below the southeast cliffs of Skyros the sea caves form a major attraction for visitors. In the caves the colours in the water are spellbinding, thanks to the special effects of the sun’s rays.
In Alithini (1 km from Ano Syros) and further north to Plati Vouni (5 km) we find the cave where according to tradition, the philosopher lived on the 6th century B.C.
This beautiful mountain village played a pivotal role during the Greek War of Independence in 1821 and during WWII as in each war the resistance movement based its headquarters in Pahtouri. If you’re a history buff, this cave is a must-see as battle stations set up by the resistance fighters to combat the Turks are still visible in the cave.
If you love hiking and spelunking, these twin caves near Messohora Village are perfect for you. Located at an altitude of 800 meters, you’ll enjoy searching for them and then exploring their beautiful chambers.
Experienced spelunkers will find this stunning cave at an altitude of 1340 m along the mountain ridge. It’s unexplored but its beauty is still well-known – ask the locals for tips and advice before venturing in to admire the cave chamber dripping with stalactites and stalagmites.
When you visit this beautiful mountain village, ask the locals for directions to Kokkini Spilia. Translated as Red Cave, Kokkini Spilia’s name is suggestive of the cave chamber’s main feature, which is the beautiful red color of the rock.
When you’re done exploring, stop by the nearby gushing springs of Frahos and Vrisoula at an altitude of 1200 meters and then continue your hike in the area.
If you want a taste of winter in the middle of summer, head to Kriakoura cave. Nestled at the top of the mountain, it is so high up you’ll find snow inside all year. Legend says the cave hides the entrance to an underground path that leads all the way to Epirus, thought to have been used during Ottoman rule.
If you love to study geology and how all geological systems inter-relate, this is the cave for you. An underground river surfaces in Lengo Cave, which makes this cave one of the most interesting in the region.
If you’re an adventurous spelunker, this cave is perfect for you. It’s unexplored and a bit of a mystery, so as long as you take all possible precautions, it could provide a wonderful opportunity for experienced spelunkers.
This wonderful cave is located beside a quaint mountain village. As you hike through the region, look for the watermill of St. Minas and this beautiful cave.
Explore this beautiful cave that sits at 1050 meters, beside the village. It will always feel cool in the cave – in fact, the cave is famous for doubling as a natural refrigerator. Locals used to store ice here in the summer.
Visit this cave not far from Kalambaka to admire footprints made by kids dating from 50000 – 5000 BC. Serving as proof that the area was inhabited from that time, the cave is archaeologically significant. A Paleolithic skeleton was also found here.
If you’re an experienced spelunker and you’re feeling adventurous, this is the cave for you. Close to a mountain village, this cave is rarely explored and is undeveloped. Ask the locals for directions and tips, and as always keep safety in mind as unexplored caves can be dangerous.
Near the village of Agios Thomas there is a cave with two holes of different diameters. The depth of the cave hasn’t been surveyed so far. You can approach the cave on the way to the church of Profitis Elias. The upper part of the cave, referring to the gaping hole, is referred to as Stefani (wreath) by the locals.
Meaning Red Rock in English, Kokkinovrahos on mount Akontio is home to two ‘undiscovered’ caves that are said to be quite impressive.
The cave of Koronia the Nymph lies to the west of Agia Triada. Its chamber is about 8 meters by 10 meters with an opening in the roof. Evidence points to the cave being used as a holy site dedicated to the nymphs, with different sculpted objects, offerings and vessels having been found there.
About 10 kilometres from Arahova, the cave of Korykio Antro is said to be both a natural wonder and an archaeological treasure. In ancient times it was dedicated to the nymphs of Korykio and the god Panas, as well as being considered the passage to Hades.